The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Saturnia japonica (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) was sequenced and annotated. It is a circular molecule of 15, 376 bp, composed of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and an adenine (A) + thymine (T)-rich region. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) are initiated by the ATN codon except for cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene that is seemingly initiated by the CGA codon. Except for cox2 and nad4, which were terminated by incomplete stop codon T or TA, the rest were terminated by canonical stop codon TAA. The A + T-rich region is high conservative, including ‘ATAGA’ motif followed by a 19 bp poly-T stretch, a microsatellite-like element (AT)₉ and also a poly-A element, with a total length of 332 bp. The Asn codon was the most frequently used codon, followed by Ile, Leu2, Lys, Met, Phe, and Tyr, while Cys was the least frequently used codon. Phylogenetic relationships analysis based on the 13 PCGs by using maximum likelihood (ML) and neighbor Joining (NJ) revealed that S. japonica belongs to the Saturniidae family. In this study, the annotation and characteristics of the mitogenome of S. japonica were resolved for the first time, which laid a foundation for species classification and the molecular evolution of Lepidoptera: Saturniidae.

对Saturnia japonica (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)的完整线粒体基因组 (mitogenome)进行测序和注释。它是一个 15, 376 bp 的环状分子，由 13 个蛋白质编码基因 (PCG)、22 个转移 RNA 基因 (tRNA)、2 个核糖体 RNA 基因 (rRNA) 和一个腺嘌呤 (A) + 胸腺嘧啶 (T)-组成富饶的地区。除了看似由 CGA 密码子启动的细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 1 ( cox1 ) 基因外，所有蛋白质编码基因 (PCG) 均由 ATN 密码子启动。除了cox2和nad4，以不完整的终止密码子 T 或 TA 终止，其余由规范终止密码子 TAA 终止。富含 A + T 的区域是高度保守的，包括 'ATAGA' 基序，后跟一个 19 bp 的 poly-T 延伸，一个微卫星样元件 (AT) ₉和一个 poly-A 元件，总长度为 332 bp . Asn密码子是最常用的密码子，其次是Ile 、Leu2、Lys、Met、Phe和Tyr，而Cys是最不常用的密码子。基于 13 个 PCG 的系统发育关系分析，使用最大似然 (ML) 和邻居加入 (NJ) 揭示了S. japonica属于土星科。本研究首次解析了粳稻有丝分裂基因组的注释和特征，为鳞翅目土星科的物种分类和分子进化奠定了基础。