Railway freight transportation is an important way of land transportation. Due to the lack of on-board power supply of large number freight train carriages/containers, the power supply of electronic equipment for monitoring a train carriage is very difficult. Therefore, a self-powered real-time monitoring system is desperately necessary by in-site energy harvesting strategy. Herein, a multiple mode triboelectric nanogenerator (MM-TENG) assembled by multilayer floating sliding part and multilayer wave-shape contact-separation part is designed to collect the ambient mechanical energy on the freight train carriage joints to power the sensors for monitoring the train state. The multilayer floating sliding part effectively avoids the abrasion on the interface of tribolayers and easily harvests small trigger energy. The multilayer wave-shape contact-separation part is divided into several layer units, where only one-layer unit is used as a charge excitation TENG for the charge supplement to the whole TENG including multilayer floating sliding part and the rest of multilayer contact-separation part, which greatly improves the output performance of MM-TENG. The device parameters and test conditions are systematically investigated for optimizing output performance. The transferred charge of MM-TENG reaches 3.2 μC by the normal triggering of linear motor at 2.5 Hz and a 470 μF capacitor is charged to 5.2 V in 100 s. The lighting of 944 LEDs, the operation of temperate-humidity meter and the driving of a fire alarm after an energy management prove it as effective power supply for the sensors. This in-situ energy harvesting approach can be used in many fields for self-powered monitoring systems.

铁路货运是陆路运输的重要方式。由于大量货运列车车厢/集装箱缺乏车载电源，监控列车车厢的电子设备供电非常困难。因此，现场能量收集策略迫切需要一个自供电的实时监控系统。在此，设计了一种由多层浮动滑动部件和多层波形接触分离部件组装而成的多模式摩擦纳米发电机（MM-TENG），用于收集货运列车车厢接头上的环境机械能，为用于监测列车状态的传感器供电. 多层浮动滑动部分有效避免了摩擦层界面的磨损，容易收获小的触发能量。多层波形接触分离部分分为若干层单元，其中只有一层单元作为电荷激发TENG，为整个TENG补充电荷，包括多层浮动滑动部分和多层接触分离的其余部分部分，大大提高了MM-TENG的输出性能。系统地研究了设备参数和测试条件以优化输出性能。通过线性电机在 2.5 Hz 的正常触发和 470 μF 电容器在 100 s 内充电至 5.2 V，MM-TENG 的转移电荷达到 3.2 μC。944 个 LED 的点亮、温湿度计的运行以及能源管理后火警的驱动证明它是传感器的有效电源。