This study aimed to theoretically identify the vascular nature of the deep capillary plexus (DCP) by examining patients presenting with both paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and prominent middle limiting membrane (p-MLM) sign and p-MLM sign alone in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). A retrospective review of the medical records of patients with retinal vein or artery occlusion from two tertiary medical centers was performed. Consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of all categories of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) (branch or central and ischemic or non-ischemic) who had undergone SD-OCT imaging from January 2015 to May 2020 were recruited and their p-MLM signs and PAMM lesions were assessed. We included 118 patients who presented with p-MLM sign with or without PAMM lesions. Amon them, 40 were female and 78 were male, with a mean age of 61.1 years. Of the 109 patients with both p-MLM sign and PAMM lesions, 23 had branch RAO, two had branch RVO, 67 had central RAO, 13 had central RVO, and four had a combination of central RAO and central RVO. All nine patients with the p-MLM sign alone had central RVO accompanied by cystoid macular edema. In all the enrolled patients, the hyperreflective lines of the p-MLM sign were continuous, regardless of the type of PAMM lesions. In conclusion, when PAMM and p-MLM sign are examined together, further proof regarding the possible complete venous nature of the vasculature of the retinal DCP might be speculated.

中文翻译：

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通过光学相干断层扫描中显着的中界膜标志的连续性推断出视网膜深毛细血管丛的全静脉性质。

本研究旨在通过检查同时出现旁中央急性中黄斑病变 (PAMM) 和显着中界膜 (p-MLM) 征和单独的 p-MLM 征的患者，从理论上确定深毛细血管丛 (DCP) 的血管性质。域光学相干断层扫描 (SD-OCT)。对来自两个三级医疗中心的视网膜静脉或动脉阻塞患者的医疗记录进行了回顾性审查。招募了 2015 年 1 月至 2020 年 5 月接受 SD-OCT 成像且临床诊断为所有类别视网膜动脉闭塞 (RAO) 和视网膜静脉闭塞 (RVO)（分支或中央和缺血性或非缺血性）的连续患者，并评估了他们的 p-MLM 体征和 PAMM 病变。我们纳入了 118 名出现 p-MLM 征的患者，这些患者有或没有 PAMM 病变。其中，女性40人，男性78人，平均年龄61.1岁。在同时具有 p-MLM 征象和 PAMM 病变的 109 名患者中，23 名有分支 RAO，2 名有分支 RVO，67 名有中央 RAO，13 名有中央 RVO，4 名有中央 RAO 和中央 RVO 的组合。所有 9 名仅具有 p-MLM 征象的患者都有中央 RVO 伴有黄斑囊样水肿。在所有入选的患者中，无论 PAMM 病变的类型如何，p-MLM 征的高反射线都是连续的。总之，当同时检查 PAMM 和 p-MLM 征象时，可以推测有关视网膜 DCP 脉管系统可能的完全静脉性质的进一步证据。67 个有中央 RAO，13 个有中央 RVO，4 个有中央 RAO 和中央 RVO 的组合。所有 9 名仅具有 p-MLM 征象的患者都有中央 RVO 伴有黄斑囊样水肿。在所有入选的患者中，无论 PAMM 病变的类型如何，p-MLM 征的高反射线都是连续的。总之，当同时检查 PAMM 和 p-MLM 征象时，可以推测有关视网膜 DCP 脉管系统可能的完全静脉性质的进一步证据。67 个有中央 RAO，13 个有中央 RVO，4 个有中央 RAO 和中央 RVO 的组合。所有 9 名仅具有 p-MLM 征象的患者都有中央 RVO 伴有黄斑囊样水肿。在所有入选的患者中，无论 PAMM 病变的类型如何，p-MLM 征的高反射线都是连续的。总之，当同时检查 PAMM 和 p-MLM 征象时，可以推测有关视网膜 DCP 脉管系统可能的完全静脉性质的进一步证据。