Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies are most frequently detected in autoantibody-related autoimmune encephalitis. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis mainly affects young women with ovarian teratoma, including acute to subacute onset of psychosis, seizures, consciousness disturbance, dyskinetic involuntary movements, autonomic dysfunction, and others. Diagnosis is based on the detection of anti-NMDAR autoantibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The autoantibody recognizes the conformational epitope of the NMDA receptor. NMDA receptors contain hetero-tetramers of GluN1 (NR1) and GluN2/3 (NR2/3), in which GluN1 is essential to form functional receptors on the synaptic membrane in the brain. Thus, the autoantibodies are detected using neurons or culture cells expressing conformational receptors on their cell membrane, the natural form in the brain. The antibodies detected using artificial GluN1 monosubunit expressing cells as the antigens have been widely used for anti-NMDAR-antibody test. In the present study two detection systems were compared, a live-cell-based assay using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells expressing both of GluN1 and GluN2B, and a commercially available GluN1-monotransfected HEK cell biochip system. As the result, both the methods were equivalent, and the clinical features of both groups were similar, suggesting both tests have equal clinical significance.

抗-N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸受体 (NMDAR) 抗体最常在自身抗体相关的自身免疫性脑炎中检测到。抗 NMDAR 脑炎主要影响患有卵巢畸胎瘤的年轻女性，包括急性至亚急性发作的精神病、癫痫发作、意识障碍、运动障碍不自主运动、自主神经功能障碍等。诊断基于检测脑脊液 (CSF) 中的抗 NMDAR 自身抗体。自身抗体识别 NMDA 受体的构象表位。NMDA 受体包含 GluN1 (NR1) 和 GluN2/3 (NR2/3) 的异源四聚体，其中 GluN1 对于在大脑突触膜上形成功能性受体至关重要。因此，使用在其细胞膜上表达构象受体的神经元或培养细胞（大脑中的天然形式）检测自身抗体。使用人工GluN1单亚基表达细胞作为抗原检测的抗体已广泛用于抗NMDAR抗体测试。在本研究中，对两种检测系统进行了比较，一种是基于活细胞的检测，一种是使用表达 GluN1 和 GluN2B 的人胚胎肾 (HEK) 293 细胞，另一种是市售的 GluN1 单转染 HEK 细胞生物芯片系统。结果，两种方法是等效的，并且两组的临床特征相似，表明两种测试具有相同的临床意义。和市售的 GluN1 单转染 HEK 细胞生物芯片系统。结果，两种方法是等效的，并且两组的临床特征相似，表明两种测试具有相同的临床意义。和市售的 GluN1 单转染 HEK 细胞生物芯片系统。结果，两种方法是等效的，并且两组的临床特征相似，表明两种测试具有相同的临床意义。