Surface modification of biomedical implants is an established strategy to improve osseointegration. TiO₂ nanoflowers (TNF) were deposited on a titanium substrate by hydrothermal technique followed by microwave radiation at 700 W for 5–15 min. Microwave-treated samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to determine their physicochemical characteristics. The XRD and Raman results showed crystalline rutile TiO₂. The surfaces of microwave-treated TNF were hydrophilic with split hierarchical structure. The Sips isotherm was used to analyze BSA adsorption on microwave treated TNF samples. The microwave treatment enhances protein adsorption capacity.

生物医学植入物的表面改性是改善骨整合的既定策略。TiO ₂纳米花（TNF）通过水热技术沉积在钛基底上，然后在 700 W 下微波辐射 5-15 分钟。通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱分析微波处理的样品，以确定它们的理化特性。XRD和拉曼结果显示结晶金红石TiO ₂。微波处理的 TNF 表面是亲水的，具有分层结构。Sips 等温线用于分析微波处理过的 TNF 样品上的 BSA 吸附。微波处理增强了蛋白质吸附能力。