ABSTRACT

Purpose

Association between gene-environment interaction and myopia/spherical equivalent has not been systematically reported. This paper reviewed nine studies concerning gene-environment interaction in myopia.

Methods

We obtained relevant studies concerning gene-environment interaction in myopia by systematically searching the MEDLINE(PubMed), Cochrane, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang databases before 31 March 2020. Data were analyzed by STATA version 16.0 software, and figures were drawn by ArcGIS V.10.0 software.

Results

Nine studies were included in this review concerning gene-environment interaction. Gene and education interaction in adult cohorts suggested a more significant genetic effect in higher education levels than lower education levels, using both candidate genes and PRS approaches. Several interacted genetic variants, including ZMAT4(rs2137277), GJD2(rs524952), TJP2 (rs11145488) from adult study and ZMAT4(rs7829127) from child study are pinpointed out, but the replication attempts were limited. Besides, the genetic effect was associated with a significant shift at a higher educational level (Pooled β = −0.15,95%CI = −0.19–0.11) towards myopia than that at a lower education level (Pooled β = −0.10,95%CI = −0.11–0.09).

Conclusion

This study summarizes the relationship between gene-environment interaction and myopia, and interaction effect of the gene or genetic risk score with the environment could be found in these studies. The effect of gene-environment (higher education) interaction substantially impacts myopia in adult studies. Evidence that environmental factors (Increased near-work time/decreased outdoor activities) increase the genetic risk is still limited, and specific SNPs contributing to gene-environment effect are not determined yet.

中文翻译：

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球形等效物和近视中的基因-环境相互作用：基于证据的评论

摘要

目的

尚未系统报道基因-环境相互作用与近视/球形等效物之间的关联。本文回顾了九项关于近视中基因-环境相互作用的研究。

方法

2020年3月31日前，通过系统检索MEDLINE(PubMed)、Cochrane、Web of Science、CNKI、万方等数据库，获得了近视中基因-环境相互作用的相关研究。数据采用STATA 16.0版软件分析，ArcGIS绘图V.10.0 软件。

结果

本综述纳入了九项关于基因-环境相互作用的研究。使用候选基因和 PRS 方法，成人队列中的基因和教育相互作用表明，高等教育水平的遗传效应比教育水平低的更显着。确定了几种相互作用的遗传变异，包括成人研究的 ZMAT4（rs2137277）、GJD2（rs524952）、TJP2（rs11145488）和儿童研究的 ZMAT4（rs7829127），但复制尝试有限。此外，遗传效应与较高教育水平（Pooled β = -0.15,95%CI = -0.19-0.11）相比于较低教育水平（Pooled β = -0.10,95%）向近视的显着转变相关CI = -0.11–0.09）。

结论

本研究总结了基因-环境相互作用与近视的关系，并在这些研究中发现了基因或遗传风险评分与环境的相互作用效应。基因与环境（高等教育）相互作用的影响极大地影响了成人研究中的近视。环境因素（增加的近工作时间/减少的户外活动）增加遗传风险的证据仍然有限，并且尚未确定有助于基因 - 环境效应的特定 SNP。