The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between eating before bed and the development of hypertension in a general Japanese population. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using annual health check-up data collected from the residents of Iki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. In total, 2930 participants without hypertension at baseline (mean age 57.0 years, male 42.8%) were included in the present analysis. Eating before bed was defined as eating within 2 h of bedtime. The outcome of this study was incident hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or initiation of blood pressure-lowering medications). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. During an average follow-up of 4.5 years, 909 participants developed hypertension. The incidence (per 1000 person-years) of hypertension in the group of individuals who ate before bed was 82.8, whereas that in the group of individuals who did not eat before bed was 65.8. The association was significant even after adjusting for other risk factors, including age, sex, current smoking status, current alcohol intake, regular exercise, obesity, elevated blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, with a hazard ratio of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.05–1.44) for the group of individuals who ate before bed compared with the group of individuals who did not eat before bed (P = 0.01 for trend). Eating before bed was correlated with a future risk of developing hypertension in the general Japanese population.

本研究的目的是确定日本普通人群睡前进食与高血压发展之间的关系。我们使用从日本长崎县壹岐市居民收集的年度健康检查数据进行了一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究。总共有 2930 名基线时没有高血压的参与者（平均年龄 57.0 岁，男性 42.8%）被纳入本分析。睡前进食定义为睡前2小时内进食。本研究的结果是发生高血压（血压≥140/90 mmHg 或开始使用降压药物）。使用 Cox 比例风险模型估计多变量调整的风险比和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。在平均 4.5 年的随访期间，909 名参与者患上了高血压。睡前进食组的高血压发病率（每1000人年）为82.8，而睡前不进食组的高血压发病率为65.8。即使在调整其他风险因素（包括年龄、性别、当前吸烟状况、当前酒精摄入量、定期运动、肥胖、血压升高、糖尿病和血脂异常）后，这种关联仍然显着，风险比为 1.23（95% CI : 1.05–1.44) 对于睡前进食的个体组与睡前不进食的个体组相比 (趋势P  = 0.01）。睡前进食与日本普通人群未来患高血压的风险相关。