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Enhancing the Sensitivity of Memory Tests: Reference Data for the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test and the Logical Memory Task from Cognitively Healthy Subjects with Normal Alzheimer’s Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Levels
Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-18 , DOI: 10.3233/jad-210640
Anna Brugulat-Serrat 1, 2, 3 , Alba Cañas-Martínez 1 , Lidia Canals-Gispert 1 , Paula Marne 1 , Nina Gramunt 4 , Marta Milà-Alomà 1, 2, 3, 5 , Marc Suárez-Calvet 1, 2, 3, 6 , Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo 1, 2, 3 , Oriol Grau-Rivera 1, 2, 3, 6 , José María González-de-Echávarri 1 , Carolina Minguillon 1, 2, 3 , Karine Fauria 1, 3 , Gwendlyn Kollmorgen 7 , Ivonne Suridjan 8 , Henrik Zetterberg 9, 10, 11, 12 , Kaj Blennow 9, 10 , Juan Domingo Gispert 1, 2, 13 , José Luis Molinuevo 1 , Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides 1, 2, 3 ,
Affiliation  

Abstract

Background:

Cognitive performance of a given individual should be interpreted in the context of reference standards obtained in cognitively healthy populations. Recent evidence has shown that removing asymptomatic individuals with biomarker evidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology from normative samples increases the sensitivity of norms to detect memory impairments. These kind of norms may be useful for defining subtle cognitive decline, the transitional cognitive decline between normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment.

Objective:

The present study aims to provide norms for the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) and the Logical Memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-IV in a sample of individuals aged 50–70 years with normal levels of amyloid (A) and tau (T) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.

Methods:

The sample was composed of 248 individuals from the ALFA+ study with negative amyloid-β and tau CSF biomarker levels. Regression-based norms were developed, including adjustments for age, education, and sex when applicable.

Results:

We found that education was associated with the performance in all the variables of both tests while age had a marginal effect only in the delayed free recall of the FCSRT. Sex was also related to the performance in the FCSRT, with women outperforming men. Equations to calculate z-scores and normative percentile tables were created. As compared with previously published norms the reference data presented were more sensitive but less specific, as expected.

Conclusion:

The use of the norms provided in this work, in combination with the already published conventional norms, may contribute to detecting subtle memory impairment.



中文翻译:

提高记忆测试的敏感性:来自认知健康受试者的自由和提示选择性提醒测试和逻辑记忆任务的参考数据,这些受试者的阿尔茨海默病脑脊液生物标志物水平正常

摘要

背景:

特定个体的认知表现应在认知健康人群中获得的参考标准的背景下进行解释。最近的证据表明,从规范样本中去除具有阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 病理学生物标志物证据的无症状个体会增加规范检测记忆障碍的敏感性。这些规范可能有助于定义微妙的认知衰退,即正常认知和轻度认知障碍之间的过渡性认知衰退。

客观的:

本研究旨在为年龄在 50-70 岁、淀粉样蛋白 (A) 和 tau 蛋白水平正常的个体样本中的自由和提示选择性提醒测试 (FCSRT) 和韦氏记忆量表-IV 的逻辑记忆子测试提供规范。 (T) 脑脊液 (CSF) 生物标志物。

方法:

该样本由来自 ALFA+ 研究的 248 名个体组成,其淀粉样蛋白-β 和 tau CSF 生物标志物水平呈阴性。制定了基于回归的规范,包括在适用时对年龄、教育和性别进行调整。

结果:

我们发现教育与两项测试的所有变量的表现相关,而年龄仅在 FCSRT 的延迟自由回忆中具有边际效应。性别也与 FCSRT 的表现有关,女性的表现优于男性。创建了用于计算 z 分数和规范百分位表的方程。正如预期的那样,与先前公布的规范相比,所提供的参考数据更敏感但特异性更低。

结论:

使用这项工作中提供的规范,结合已经发布的常规规范,可能有助于检测细微的记忆障碍。

更新日期:2021-09-22
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