Climate change is a dramatic crisis that has left severe impacts on viticulture. Phenological events over 41 years and annual climatic anomalies’ data over these years in Al Ahsa region were procured. Annual temperature and wind speed anomalies had the strongest influence on all phenological events of the varieties White and Red Hassaoui, starting from the beginning of budburst until harvest. Moreover, the average yield of both varieties decreased significantly by 319.4 and 317 kg ha⁻¹ respectively between 1997 and 2019 in comparison with the interval of years 1979–1996. Earlier phenological events were positively correlated with annual temperature anomaly and negatively correlated with annual wind speed anomaly. The latter shortened the dates of occurrence of beginning and full veraison. Yield decreased with higher annual temperature, wind speed and total cloud cover anomalies, and lower annual total precipitation anomaly. Higher annual temperature and wind speed anomalies were correlated with a shorter period between beginning of budburst to beginning of veraison (P3). Shorter periods between beginning and full veraison (P6) and beginning of veraison and harvest (P7) of Red Hassaoui were positively correlated with annual precipitable water anomaly. Results suggest a high level of adaptation of both tested varieties to changing climate conditions in Al Ahsa, though irrigating vines after harvest on a weekly basis would help overcoming the minimal reduction in yield which was caused by the shortage in precipitation.

气候变化是一场严重的危机，对葡萄栽培造成了严重影响。采购了 Al Ahsa 地区 41 年来的物候事件和这些年来的年度气候异常数据。年温度和风速异常对白色和红色哈索维品种的所有物候事件影响最大，从萌芽开始到收获。此外，两个品种的平均产量均显着下降 319.4 和 317 kg ha ^-1分别在 1997 年和 2019 年之间与 1979 年至 1996 年的区间进行比较。早期物候事件与年气温异常呈正相关，与年风速异常呈负相关。后者缩短了开始和完全转色的发生日期。随着年气温、风速和总云量异常升高，年总降水异常降低，产量下降。较高的年温度和风速异常与萌芽开始到萌芽之间的较短时间相关 转色开始 (P3)。Red Hassaoui开始和完全转色（P6）以及开始转色和收获（P7）之间的较短时间与年度可降水量异常呈正相关。结果表明，两种受试品种都高度适应了 Al Ahsa 不断变化的气候条件，尽管每周在收获后灌溉葡萄藤将有助于克服因降水不足而导致的最小产量下降。