Many countries are having increased frequency and severity of wildfires, including mega-fires. The revegetation of postfire sites and tree species selection are the most important counteracting measures. In this study, we analyzed the effect of tree species (Scots pine, European larch, common birch) on the C stock, macronutrient content, and physicochemical parameters (pH, sorption complex properties) of regenerated soil of different textures (sands and loams) in a large, postfire site. Nearly, 30 years after the fire, soils differed among the species. The carbon stock under larch was higher in litter (Oi + Oe) horizons than under birch. In mineral horizons (0–5 cm), the C stock was highest under birch. Litter layers under birch had a higher pH, a lower C:N ratio, and higher N, P, Ca, and Mg content compared to layers under pine and larch. In the A-horizons (0–5 cm), soils under birch was higher in soil organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and acidity than soils under conifers. Soil texture in the studied range—from sands to loams—had only a limited effect on the properties of the studied postfire soils. Thus, our results indicate that the tree species used for the reforestation of postfire sites are crucial to the properties of regenerating soils and restoring the ecological functions of soils. Among the studied tree species, common birch had the most pronounced effect on soil properties, and this is especially significant because the species has appeared by spontaneous succession.

中文翻译：

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树种和土壤质地对林后再生土壤碳储量、常量营养素含量和理化性质的影响

许多国家的野火（包括特大火灾）发生的频率和严重程度都在增加。火灾后场地的重新植被和树种选择是最重要的应对措施。在本研究中，我们分析了树种（苏格兰松、欧洲落叶松、桦木）对不同质地（沙土和壤土）再生土壤的碳储量、常量营养素含量和理化参数（pH 值、吸附复合物特性）的影响在一个大型的火灾后现场。火灾发生近 30 年后，不同物种的土壤有所不同。落叶松下落叶松 (Oi + Oe) 层的碳储量高于桦树下。在矿物层（0-5 厘米）中，桦木下的 C 储量最高。与松树和落叶松下的层相比，桦树下的凋落物层具有较高的 pH 值、较低的 C:N 比以及较高的 N、P、Ca 和 Mg 含量。在 A 层（0-5 厘米），桦树下土壤的土壤有机碳 (SOC)、阳离子交换能力 (CEC) 和酸度高于针叶树下的土壤。研究范围内的土壤质地——从沙子到壤土——对研究的火灾后土壤的性质影响有限。因此，我们的结果表明，用于火灾后重新造林的树种对于再生土壤的特性和恢复土壤的生态功能至关重要。在所研究的树种中，桦树对土壤性质的影响最为显着，这一点尤其显着，因为该树种是通过自发演替出现的。研究范围内的土壤质地——从沙子到壤土——对研究的火灾后土壤的性质影响有限。因此，我们的结果表明，用于火灾后重新造林的树种对于再生土壤的特性和恢复土壤的生态功能至关重要。在所研究的树种中，桦树对土壤性质的影响最为显着，这一点尤其显着，因为该树种是通过自发演替出现的。研究范围内的土壤质地——从沙子到壤土——对研究的火灾后土壤的性质影响有限。因此，我们的结果表明，用于火灾后重新造林的树种对于再生土壤的特性和恢复土壤的生态功能至关重要。在所研究的树种中，桦树对土壤性质的影响最为显着，这一点尤其显着，因为该树种是通过自发演替出现的。