Globally, the expansion of livestock and fisheries production is severely constrained due to the increasing costs and ecological footprint of feed constituents. The utilization of black soldier fly (BSF) as an alternative protein ingredient to fishmeal and soybean in animal feed has been widely documented. The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) used are known to voraciously feed and grow in contaminated organic wastes. Thus, several concerns about their safety for inclusion into animal feed remain largely unaddressed. This study evaluated both culture-dependent sequence-based and 16S rDNA amplification analysis to isolate and identify bacterial species associated with BSFL fed on chicken manure (CM) and kitchen waste (KW). The bacteria species from the CM and KW were also isolated and investigated. Results from the culture-dependent isolation strategies revealed that Providencia sp. was the most dominant bacterial species detected from the guts of BSFL reared on CM and KW. Morganella sp. and Brevibacterium sp. were detected in CM, while Staphylococcus sp. and Bordetella sp. were specific to KW. However, metagenomic studies showed that Providencia and Bordetella were the dominant genera observed in BSFL gut and processed waste substrates. Pseudomonas and Comamonas were recorded in the raw waste substrates. The diversity of bacterial genera recorded from the fresh rearing substrates was significantly higher compared to the diversity observed in the gut of the BSFL and BSF frass (leftovers of the rearing substrates). These findings demonstrate that the presence and abundance of microbiota in BSFL and their associated waste vary considerably. However, the presence of clinically pathogenic strains of bacteria in the gut of BSFL fed both substrates highlight the biosafety risk of potential vertical transmission that might occur, if appropriate pre-and-postharvest measures are not enforced.

在全球范围内，由于饲料成分的成本和生态足迹不断增加，畜牧业和渔业生产的扩张受到严重限制。在动物饲料中使用黑水虻（BSF）作为鱼粉和大豆的替代蛋白质成分已被广泛记录。众所周知，所使用的黑水虻幼虫（BSFL）会在受污染的有机废物中贪婪地进食和生长。因此，关于将其添加到动物饲料中的安全性的一些担忧在很大程度上仍未得到解决。本研究评估了基于培养物的序列和 16S rDNA 扩增分析，以分离和鉴定与以鸡粪 (CM) 和厨房垃圾 (KW) 喂养的 BSFL 相关的细菌种类。还分离并研究了来自 CM 和 KW 的细菌种类。文化依赖性隔离策略的结果表明普罗维登西亚sp。是从 CM 和 KW 饲养的 BSFL 肠道中检测到的最主要的细菌种类。摩根内拉sp。和短杆菌属sp。在 CM 中检测到，同时葡萄球菌sp。和博德特氏菌sp。特定于 KW。然而，宏基因组研究表明普罗维登西亚和博德特氏菌是在 BSFL 肠道和加工废物底物中观察到的优势属。假单胞菌属和丛毛单胞菌属记录在原始废物基质中。与在 BSFL 和 BSF frass（饲养基质的剩余物）肠道中观察到的多样性相比，从新鲜饲养基质中记录的细菌属的多样性显着更高。这些发现表明，BSFL 及其相关废物中微生物群的存在和丰度差异很大。然而，饲喂两种底物的 BSFL 肠道中存在临床致病性细菌菌株，凸显了如果不采取适当的采前和采后措施，可能发生潜在垂直传播的生物安全风险。