Heart failure is a global problem with high hospitalization and mortality rates. Inflammation and immune dysfunction are involved in this disease. Owing to their unique function, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have reacquired attention recently. They participate in immunoregulation and tissue repair in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Tregs are beneficial in heart by suppressing excessive inflammatory responses and promoting stable scar formation in the early stage of heart injury. However, in chronic heart failure, the phenotypes and functions of Tregs changed. They transformed into an antiangiogenic and profibrotic cell type. In this review, we summarized the functions of Tregs in the development of chronic heart failure first. Then, we focused on the interactions between Tregs and their target cells. The target cells of Tregs include immune cells (such as monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells) and parenchymal cells (such as cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells). Next-generation sequencing and gene editing technology make immunotherapy of heart failure possible. So, prospective therapeutic approaches based on Tregs in chronic heart failure had also been evaluated.

心力衰竭是一个具有高住院率和死亡率的全球性问题。炎症和免疫功能障碍与这种疾病有关。由于其独特的功能，调节性 T 细胞 (Tregs) 最近重新受到关注。它们参与心力衰竭病理生理学中的免疫调节和组织修复。Tregs 通过抑制过度的炎症反应并在心脏损伤的早期促进稳定的疤痕形成，对心脏有益。然而，在慢性心力衰竭中，Tregs 的表型和功能发生了变化。它们转化为抗血管生成和促纤维化细胞类型。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了 Tregs 在慢性心力衰竭发展中的作用。然后，我们专注于 Tregs 与其靶细胞之间的相互作用。Tregs的靶细胞包括免疫细胞（如单核细胞/巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、T细胞和B细胞）和实质细胞（如心肌细胞、成纤维细胞和内皮细胞）。新一代测序和基因编辑技术使心力衰竭的免疫治疗成为可能。因此，还评估了基于 Tregs 在慢性心力衰竭中的前瞻性治疗方法。