In recent years, the consumption of energy drinks (EDs) has become increasingly popular, especially among adolescents. Caffeine, a psychostimulant, is the main compound of EDs which also contain other substances with pharmacological effects. This review aims to compile current evidence concerning the potential interactions between EDs, medicines, and drugs of abuse as they are frequently consumed in combination. The substances involved are mainly substrates, inductors or inhibitors of CYP1A2, psychostimulants, alcohol and other depressant drugs. Furthermore, intoxications reported with EDs and other substances have also been screened to describe acute toxicity. The results of our review show that the consumption of both EDs alone and in combination is not as safe as previously thought. Health professionals and consumers need to be aware of the potential interactions of these drinks as well as the absence of long-term safety data.

中文翻译：

---

能量饮料与处方药和滥用药物的相互作用

近年来，能量饮料（EDs）的消费越来越受欢迎，尤其是在青少年中。咖啡因是一种精神兴奋剂，是 ED 的主要化合物，其中还含有其他具有药理作用的物质。本综述旨在收集关于 EDs、药物和滥用药物之间潜在相互作用的当前证据，因为它们经常联合使用。涉及的物质主要是CYP1A2的底物、诱导剂或抑制剂、精神兴奋剂、酒精和其他镇静药物。此外，还对报告的 ED 和其他物质的中毒进行了筛选，以描述急性毒性。我们的审查结果表明，单独和联合使用两种 ED 并不像以前认为的那样安全。