Pain management necessitates assessment of pain; the gold standard being self-report. Among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), self-report may be limited and therefore indirect methods for pain assessment are required. A new, internationally agreed upon and user-friendly observational tool was recently published—the Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition (PAIC-15). The current study’s aims were: to test the use of the PAIC-15 in assessing pain among people with IDD and to translate the PAIC-15 into Arabic for dissemination among Arabic-speaking professionals. Pain behavior following experimental pressure stimuli was analyzed among 30 individuals with IDD and 15 typically developing controls (TDCs). Translation of the PAIC followed the forward–backward approach; and reliability between the two versions and between raters was calculated. Observational scores with the PAIC-15 exhibited a stimulus–response relationship with pressure stimulation. Those of the IDD group were greater than those of the TDC group. The overall agreement between the English and Arabic versions was high (ICC = 0.89); single items exhibited moderate to high agreement levels. Inter-rater reliability was high (ICC = 0.92). Both versions of the PAIC-15 are feasible and reliable tools to record pain behavior in individuals with IDD. Future studies using these tools in clinical settings are warranted.

中文翻译：

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用新的 PAIC-15 编码的智力和发育障碍者的疼痛行为及其阿拉伯语翻译的验证

疼痛管理需要评估疼痛；黄金标准是自我报告。在智力和发育障碍 (IDD) 的个体中，自我报告可能有限，因此需要间接的疼痛评估方法。最近发布了一种新的、国际公认的、用户友好的观察工具——认知障碍疼痛评估 (PAIC-15)。当前研究的目的是：测试 PAIC-15 在评估 IDD 患者疼痛方面的应用，并将 PAIC-15 翻译成阿拉伯语，以便在讲阿拉伯语的专业人士中传播。在 30 名 IDD 患者和 15 名典型发育对照 (TDC) 患者中分析了实验压力刺激后的疼痛行为。PAIC 的翻译遵循向前-向后的方法；并计算了两个版本之间以及评估者之间的可靠性。PAIC-15 的观察分数显示出与压力刺激的刺激-反应关系。IDD组大于TDC组。英文版和阿拉伯文版的总体一致性很高（ICC = 0.89）；单个项目表现出中到高的一致性水平。评估者间的可靠性很高（ICC = 0.92）。PAIC-15 的两个版本都是记录 IDD 患者疼痛行为的可行且可靠的工具。在临床环境中使用这些工具的未来研究是有必要的。英文版和阿拉伯文版的总体一致性很高（ICC = 0.89）；单个项目表现出中到高的一致性水平。评估者间的可靠性很高（ICC = 0.92）。PAIC-15 的两个版本都是记录 IDD 患者疼痛行为的可行且可靠的工具。在临床环境中使用这些工具的未来研究是有必要的。英文版和阿拉伯文版的总体一致性很高（ICC = 0.89）；单个项目表现出中到高的一致性水平。评估者间的可靠性很高（ICC = 0.92）。PAIC-15 的两个版本都是记录 IDD 患者疼痛行为的可行且可靠的工具。在临床环境中使用这些工具的未来研究是有必要的。