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Cross Effect of Surface Area and Electrical Conductivity for Carbonaceous Materials in Flow-electrode Capacitive Mixing (F-CapMix) and Flow-electrode Capacitive Deionization (FCDI): Solid-like Behavior of Flow-electrode
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c04419 Insung Hwang 1 , Dongsoo Lee 1 , Yongmin Jung 1 , Keemin Park 1 , Yeon-Gil Jung 2, 3 , Donghyun Kim 2, 3 , Geun-Ho Cho 2 , Sung-il Jeon 4 , Yun-ki Byeun 5 , Ungyu Paik 1 , SeungCheol Yang 2, 3 , Taeseup Song 1
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c04419 Insung Hwang 1 , Dongsoo Lee 1 , Yongmin Jung 1 , Keemin Park 1 , Yeon-Gil Jung 2, 3 , Donghyun Kim 2, 3 , Geun-Ho Cho 2 , Sung-il Jeon 4 , Yun-ki Byeun 5 , Ungyu Paik 1 , SeungCheol Yang 2, 3 , Taeseup Song 1
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Flow-electrode capacitive mixing (F-CapMix) and flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) systems are promising for energy generation and desalination devices, respectively, because constant energy generation and desalination are possible without an intermittent step by employing continuously flowing electrodes. Activated carbon (AC) has been widely used as a flow electrode material for F-CapMix and FCDI due to its good phase stability in an aqueous medium and large surface area capable of ion adsorption. However, the relationship between the physicochemical properties of carbonaceous materials and device performances has not been systematically studied. In this study, we explore activated carbon, natural graphite, synthetic graphite, and expanded graphite with similar particle sizes to a flow electrode material to understand dominant parameters in terms of material properties for the high-performance F-CapMix system and comparison with the FCDI system. The physicochemical properties of carbonaceous materials, their rheological behaviors in an aqueous medium, and corresponding electrochemical properties are systematically studied. Among them, the flow electrode prepared with expanded graphite shows the highest power density of 0.48 W/m2 in F-CapMix due to its solidlike rheological behavior as well as high electrical conductivity and a relatively low FCDI performance of 2.7%. Our findings suggest that the internal resistance of the flow electrode, which is closely related to rheological behavior and powder electrical conductivity, is a dominant factor for the high power density in F-CapMix. In addition, the high specific surface area of carbon material and rheological behavior of the flow electrode are dominant factors for the high salt removal efficiency of the FCDI system.
中文翻译：
流动电极电容混合 (F-CapMix) 和流动电极电容去离子 (FCDI) 中碳质材料的表面积和电导率的交叉效应：流动电极的类固体行为
流动电极电容混合 (F-CapMix) 和流动电极电容去离子 (FCDI) 系统分别适用于能量产生和脱盐装置，因为通过采用连续流动的电极，无需间歇步骤即可实现恒定的能量产生和脱盐。活性炭（AC）由于其在水性介质中的良好相稳定性和能够吸附离子的大表面积，已被广泛用作 F-CapMix 和 FCDI 的流动电极材料。然而，碳质材料的物理化学性质与器件性能之间的关系尚未得到系统研究。在这项研究中，我们探索了活性炭、天然石墨、合成石墨、和具有与流动电极材料相似的粒径的膨胀石墨，以了解高性能 F-CapMix 系统的材料特性方面的主要参数，并与 FCDI 系统进行比较。系统地研究了含碳材料的理化性质、它们在水性介质中的流变行为以及相应的电化学性质。其中，用膨胀石墨制备的流动电极表现出最高的功率密度为0.48 W/m由于其固体流变行为以及高导电性和 2.7% 的相对较低的 FCDI 性能，在 F-CapMix 中排名2。我们的研究结果表明，流动电极的内阻与流变行为和粉末电导率密切相关，是 F-CapMix 中高功率密度的主要因素。此外，碳材料的高比表面积和流动电极的流变行为是FCDI系统高脱盐效率的主导因素。
更新日期：2021-10-12
中文翻译：
流动电极电容混合 (F-CapMix) 和流动电极电容去离子 (FCDI) 中碳质材料的表面积和电导率的交叉效应：流动电极的类固体行为
流动电极电容混合 (F-CapMix) 和流动电极电容去离子 (FCDI) 系统分别适用于能量产生和脱盐装置，因为通过采用连续流动的电极，无需间歇步骤即可实现恒定的能量产生和脱盐。活性炭（AC）由于其在水性介质中的良好相稳定性和能够吸附离子的大表面积，已被广泛用作 F-CapMix 和 FCDI 的流动电极材料。然而，碳质材料的物理化学性质与器件性能之间的关系尚未得到系统研究。在这项研究中，我们探索了活性炭、天然石墨、合成石墨、和具有与流动电极材料相似的粒径的膨胀石墨，以了解高性能 F-CapMix 系统的材料特性方面的主要参数，并与 FCDI 系统进行比较。系统地研究了含碳材料的理化性质、它们在水性介质中的流变行为以及相应的电化学性质。其中，用膨胀石墨制备的流动电极表现出最高的功率密度为0.48 W/m由于其固体流变行为以及高导电性和 2.7% 的相对较低的 FCDI 性能，在 F-CapMix 中排名2。我们的研究结果表明，流动电极的内阻与流变行为和粉末电导率密切相关，是 F-CapMix 中高功率密度的主要因素。此外，碳材料的高比表面积和流动电极的流变行为是FCDI系统高脱盐效率的主导因素。
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