Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCS) are a sulfated polysaccharide exclusively existing in the body wall of sea cucumber. FCS possesses a mammalian chondroitin sulfate like backbone, namely repeating disaccharides units composed of GlcA and GalNAc, with fucosyl branches linked to GlcA and/or GalNAc residues. It is found that FCS can prevent unhealthy dietary pattern-induced metabolic syndromes, including insulin resistance and β-cell function improvement, anti-inflammation, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-adipogenesis. Further studies show that those activities of FCS might be achieved through positively modulating gut microbiota composition. Besides, FCS also show therapeutic efficacy in cancer, HIV infection, and side effects of cyclophosphamide. Furthermore, bioactivities of FCS are closely affected by their molecular weights, sulfation pattern of the fucosyl branches, and chain conformations. This review summarizes the recent 20 years studies to provide references for the future studies and applications of FCS in functional foods or drugs.

岩藻糖化硫酸软骨素（FCS）是一种仅存在于海参体壁中的硫酸化多糖。FCS 具有哺乳动物硫酸软骨素样骨架，即由 GlcA 和 GalNAc 组成的重复二糖单元，岩藻糖基分支与 GlcA 和/或 GalNAc 残基相连。发现FCS可以预防不健康饮食模式引起的代谢综合征，包括胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能改善、抗炎、抗高血脂和抗脂肪生成。进一步的研究表明，FCS 的这些活性可能是通过正向调节肠道微生物群组成来实现的。此外，FCS 对癌症、HIV 感染和环磷酰胺的副作用也显示出治疗效果。此外，FCS 的生物活性受到其分子量的密切影响，岩藻糖基分支的硫酸化模式和链构象。本综述总结了近20年来的研究，为未来FCS在功能性食品或药物中的研究和应用提供参考。