The main nerves in the knee region are the tibial nerve, the common peroneal nerve, and the saphenous nerve. These three nerves innervate the lower leg and foot, providing sensory and motor function. The large sciatic nerve splits just above the knee to form the tibial and common peroneal nerves. The tibial nerve travels down in the posterior region, while the common peroneal nerve runs around the lateral side of the knee and runs down the front of the leg to the foot. Although all these nerves can be affected by injuries of the knee, the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve (IPBSN) and the common peroneal nerve (CPN) are most affected. In this narrative review we focus on neuropathies associated with nerves located in the region of the knee joint in the context of their injuries and possible iatrogenic damage during reconstructive surgery.

中文翻译：

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膝关节损伤和重建手术后最常见神经病的诊断和治疗——叙述性回顾


膝关节区域的主要神经是胫神经、腓总神经和隐神经。这三根神经支配小腿和足部，提供感觉和运动功能。大坐骨神经在膝盖上方分裂，形成胫神经和腓总神经。胫神经在后部区域向下行进，而腓总神经则围绕膝盖外侧行进，并从腿的前部向下行进至足部。尽管所有这些神经都可能受到膝关节损伤的影响，但隐神经髌下支 (IPBSN) 和腓总神经 (CPN) 受影响最严重。在这篇叙述性评论中，我们重点关注与膝关节区域神经相关的神经病变，以及重建手术期间受伤和可能的医源性损伤。