BRAHMA (BRM) is the ATPase of the SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodelling complex, which is indispensable for transcriptional inhibition and activation, associated with vegetative and reproductive development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that BRM directly binds to the chromatin of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1), which integrates multiple flowering signals to regulate floral transition, leading to flowering. In addition, genetic and molecular analysis showed that BRM interacts with GNC (GATA, NITRATE-INDUCIBLE, CARBON METABOLISM INVOLVED), a GATA transcription factor that represses flowering by directly repressing SOC1 expression. Furthermore, BRM is recruited by GNC to directly bind to the chromatin of SOC1. The transcript level of SOC1 is elevated in brm-3, gnc, and brm-3/gnc mutants, which is associated with increased histone H3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4Me3) but decreased DNA methylation. Taken together, our results indicate that BRM associates with GNC to regulate SOC1 expression and flowering time.

中文翻译：

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染色质重塑ATP酶BRAHMA与GATA家族转录因子GNC相互作用调节拟南芥开花时间

BRAHMA (BRM) 是 SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) 染色质重塑复合物的 ATP 酶，它对于转录抑制和激活必不可少，与拟南芥的营养和生殖发育相关。在这里，我们展示了 BRM 直接与 SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) 的染色质结合，它整合了多个开花信号来调节花的转变，从而导致开花。此外，遗传和分子分析表明，BRM 与 GNC (GATA, NITRATE-INDUCIBLE, CARBON METABOLISM INVOLVED) 相互作用，这是一种通过直接抑制 SOC1 表达来抑制开花的 GATA 转录因子。此外，GNC 招募 BRM 直接与 SOC1 的染色质结合。brm-3、gnc 和 brm-3/gnc 突变体中 SOC1 的转录水平升高，这与组蛋白 H3 赖氨酸 4 三甲基化 (H3K4Me3) 增加但 DNA 甲基化减少有关。总之，我们的结果表明 BRM 与 GNC 结合以调节 SOC1 表达和开花时间。