Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare but highly aggressive subtype of extra nodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), which is confined in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite recent advancements in treatment options, the overall prognosis of PCNSL remains poor. Among many unfavorable factors affecting efficacy, inadequate drug delivery into the CNS is still the thorniest challenge. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a significant impediment, restricting entry of most therapeutics to the brain. Nanotechnology has offered great promise for brain diseases, as various nano-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) have been developed for delivery of theranostic agents in to the CNS. These drug delivery systems possess significant advantages, including good feasibility, reliable safety profile, excellent BBB penetration and potent antitumor effects. As for treatment of PCNSL, numerous well-developed BBB-crossing nano-based strategies can be applied with proper modifications and improvements. Some exquisitely designed NDDSs specific for PCNSL have shown great potential. In this review, we provide a summary on current status of diagnosis and treatment of PCNSL, followed by an overview of BBB-crossing strategies applied in management of PCNSL, both novel and wellestablished. Finally, challenges and future perspectives in this field are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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纳米医学在治疗原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤中的应用：最新技术水平。

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤 (PCNSL) 是一种罕见但高度侵袭性的淋巴结外非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (NHL) 亚型，局限于中枢神经系统 (CNS)。尽管最近在治疗选择方面取得了进展，但 PCNSL 的总体预后仍然很差。在众多影响疗效的不利因素中，药物进入中枢神经系统的不足仍然是最棘手的挑战。血脑屏障 (BBB) 构成了一个重大障碍，限制了大多数治疗药物进入大脑。纳米技术为脑部疾病提供了巨大的希望，因为已经开发了各种基于纳米的药物递送系统 (NDDS) 来将治疗诊断剂递送到 CNS。这些给药系统具有显着的优势，包括良好的可行性、可靠的安全性、出色的 BBB 渗透和有效的抗肿瘤作用。至于 PCNSL 的治疗，可以应用许多成熟的 BBB 交叉纳米策略，并进行适当的修改和改进。一些专门用于 PCNSL 的精心设计的 NDDS 已显示出巨大的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 PCNSL 诊断和治疗的现状，然后概述了应用于 PCNSL 管理的 BBB 交叉策略，包括新颖的和完善的。最后，还讨论了该领域的挑战和未来前景。我们总结了 PCNSL 的诊断和治疗现状，然后概述了应用于 PCNSL 管理的 BBB 交叉策略，包括新颖的和完善的。最后，还讨论了该领域的挑战和未来前景。我们总结了 PCNSL 的诊断和治疗现状，然后概述了应用于 PCNSL 管理的 BBB 交叉策略，包括新颖的和完善的。最后，还讨论了该领域的挑战和未来前景。