Solution-based fabrication of mechanically transformative materials for implantable applications,Biomaterials Science

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Solution-based fabrication of mechanically transformative materials for implantable applications
Biomaterials Science ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-01 , DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00808k
Xinxin Zhang ₁ , Anwei Zhou _{2,

3} , Gaohua Hu _{4,

5} , Yanyan Li _{4,

5} , Kuikui Zhang _{4,

5} , Bing Liu ₁ , Xinghai Ning _{3,

4} , Desheng Kong _{4,

5}

Affiliation

Implantable probes and needles represent multifunctional biomedical platforms by integrating sensing, stimulation, and drug delivery capabilities. Conventional rigid probes often result in inflammatory responses due to large mechanical mismatch with soft biological tissues, whereas soft probes with improved long-term performances are difficult to be inserted deep into the compliant biological tissues. An emerging class of mechanically transformative materials addresses the challenge by embedding a phase-change material of gallium within an elastomeric matrix. These materials exhibit high stiffness under ambient conditions to enable facile insertion and compliant mechanical properties after implantations. The widespread implementation of mechanically transformative materials is primarily hindered by the lack of facile fabrication techniques for delicate gallium features. In this study, we introduce a solution-based approach for scalable fabrication of gallium-based mechanically transformative materials, which exhibit bistable mechanical properties with large modulations in the modulus by five orders of magnitude. In a solution-based coating process, gallium features are created based on a patterned copper film and then encapsulated with elastomers to form mechanically transformative materials. The height profile of the gallium feature is controlled by the two-dimensional design of the copper pattern, which provides access to delicate and complex three-dimensional features as exemplified by mechanically transformative indwelling needles with sharp tips. The practical suitability is demonstrated by the in vivo implementation of the indwelling needles for long-term chemotherapy. The excellent biocompatibility enables applications of mechanically transformative biomedical devices in chronic implantable systems.

中文翻译：

用于可植入应用的机械转化材料的基于溶液的制造

可植入探针和针头通过集成传感、刺激和药物输送能力代表多功能生物医学平台。由于与软生物组织的机械错配较大，传统的刚性探针通常会导致炎症反应，而具有改善的长期性能的软探针则难以深入插入顺应性生物组织。一类新兴的机械转化材料通过将镓的相变材料嵌入弹性体基质中来解决这一挑战。这些材料在环境条件下表现出高刚度，从而能够在植入后轻松插入和柔顺的机械性能。机械转化材料的广泛实施主要受到缺乏用于精细镓特征的简便制造技术的阻碍。在这项研究中，我们介绍了一种基于解决方案的方法，用于可扩展地制造镓基机械转化材料，该材料表现出双稳态机械性能，模量具有五个数量级的大调制。在基于溶液的涂层工艺中，镓特征是基于图案化的铜膜创建的，然后用弹性体封装以形成机械转换材料。镓特征的高度轮廓由铜图案的二维设计控制，它提供了对精细和复杂的 3D 特征的访问，例如具有尖锐尖端的机械变革留置针。实际适用性由用于长期化疗的留置针的体内实施。优异的生物相容性使机械转化生物医学设备在慢性植入系统中的应用成为可能。

更新日期：2021-09-22

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