BACKGROUND Syrian refugees in Lebanon have endured increasing hardships since the onset of the Syrian war in 2011, with many resorting to child labor. Working refugee children endure socioeconomic deprivation and harsh working conditions. This study explores the relationship between working conditions and the reporting of injuries among male and female Syrian refugee children in Lebanon and the related gender differences. METHODS AND FINDINGS A cross-sectional survey of Syrian refugee children working in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon was conducted in 2017. Face-to-face interviews with children (8 to 18 years) collected sociodemographic information and testimonies of their work experiences. Logistic regression tested the association between reporting of injuries and risk factors including school enrolment, field of work, means of transportation to work, age started working, number of working hours, multiple jobs, work pressure and hazards, and abuse. Analyses were stratified by gender. Of the 4090 surveyed working children, the majority reported working in agriculture (75.8%). Around a third (31.4%) reported being injured at work with a higher proportion in males. The most common reported injuries were cuts and wounds (44.9%), with males showing a higher proportion for all types of injuries compared to females. Nearly one fifth of reported injuries (19.8%) required medical attention in a hospital, with males reporting higher proportions than females for most types of injuries. The study findings revealed the association of multiple risk factors with an increased odds of reporting an injury, which included working in more than one job (AOR, 1.71; CI, 1.20-2.43; p = 0.003), working under pressure (AOR, 1.64; CI, 1.36-1.97; p<0.001), the use of sharp or heavy objects (AOR, 1.88; CI, 1.58-2.24; p<0.001), and experiencing physical abuse at work (AOR, 2.46; CI, 1.97-3.08; p<0.001). The odds of reporting an injury increased with every additional hour of work per day (AOR 1.08; CI, 1.02-1.14; p = 0.006). Most of these findings persisted in the male and female stratified models, with few exceptions. Males who went to work in a pickup truck had significantly lower odds of being injured than those who walked (AOR, 0.65; CI, 0.51-0.83; p = 0.001); this finding did not reach significance for females. Having longer work hours per day was significantly linked to higher odds of injury for females (AOR, 1.07; CI, 1.02-1.12; p = 0.008); but not for males. The main limitations of this study were its cross-sectional design and the use of self-reported variables. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to obtain direct testimony on work-related injuries and working conditions, exploring gender differences, among Syrian refugee children in Lebanon. Results demonstrated the association between the occurrence of injury and multiple risk factors highlighting their strenuous working conditions, with some differences detected between males and females. Many injuries can be prevented through direct safety interventions and proper implementation of child labor policies. Multidimensional interventions are essential to address the complex evolving challenges facing refugees.

中文翻译：

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黎巴嫩贝卡谷地叙利亚难民童工的工伤：性别敏感分析。

背景 自从 2011 年叙利亚战争爆发以来，黎巴嫩的叙利亚难民经历了越来越多的苦难，许多人求助于童工。工作的难民儿童忍受着社会经济贫困和恶劣的工作条件。本研究探讨了黎巴嫩境内男女叙利亚难民儿童的工作条件与受伤报告之间的关系以及相关的性别差异。方法和结果 2017 年对在黎巴嫩贝卡谷地工作的叙利亚难民儿童进行了横断面调查。与儿童（8 至 18 岁）的面对面访谈收集了社会人口统计信息和他们工作经历的证词。Logistic 回归测试了伤害报告与风险因素（包括入学率、工作领域、上班的交通工具、开始工作的年龄、工作时间、多份工作、工作压力和危险以及虐待。分析按性别分层。在接受调查的 4090 名童工中，大多数报告从事农业工作（75.8%）。大约三分之一 (31.4%) 报告称在工作中受伤，男性比例更高。最常见的伤害报告是割伤和伤口 (44.9%)，与女性相比，男性在所有类型的伤害中所占的比例更高。在报告的伤害中，近五分之一 (19.8%) 需要在医院就医，在大多数类型的伤害中，男性报告的比例高于女性。研究结果揭示了多种风险因素与报告受伤几率增加有关，其中包括从事一份以上的工作（AOR，1.71；CI，1.20-2.43；p = 0.003），在压力下工作（AOR，1.64；CI，1.36-1.97；p<0.001），使用尖锐或重物（AOR，1.88；CI，1.58-2.24；p<0.001），以及经历身体工作中的虐待（AOR，2.46；CI，1.97-3.08；p<0.001）。报告受伤的几率随着每天工作时间每增加一小时而增加（AOR 1.08；CI，1.02-1.14；p = 0.006）。大多数这些发现在男性和女性分层模型中仍然存在，只有少数例外。乘坐皮卡车上班的男性受伤的几率明显低于步行的男性（AOR，0.65；CI，0.51-0.83；p = 0.001）；这一发现对女性没有意义。每天更长的工作时间与女性受伤的几率更高显着相关（AOR，1.07；CI，1.02-1.12；p = 0.008）；但不适合男性。本研究的主要局限性在于其横断面设计和自我报告变量的使用。结论 本研究首次获得黎巴嫩叙利亚难民儿童工伤和工作条件的直接证据，探索性别差异。结果表明，受伤的发生与突出其艰苦工作条件的多种风险因素之间存在关联，男性和女性之间存在一些差异。许多伤害可以通过直接的安全干预和正确实施童工政策来预防。多维干预对于解决难民面临的不断变化的复杂挑战至关重要。结论 本研究首次获得黎巴嫩叙利亚难民儿童工伤和工作条件的直接证据，探索性别差异。结果表明，受伤的发生与突出其艰苦工作条件的多种风险因素之间存在关联，男性和女性之间存在一些差异。许多伤害可以通过直接的安全干预和正确实施童工政策来预防。多维干预对于解决难民面临的不断变化的复杂挑战至关重要。结论 本研究首次获得黎巴嫩叙利亚难民儿童工伤和工作条件的直接证据，探索性别差异。结果表明，受伤的发生与突出其艰苦工作条件的多种风险因素之间存在关联，男性和女性之间存在一些差异。许多伤害可以通过直接的安全干预和正确实施童工政策来预防。多维干预对于解决难民面临的不断变化的复杂挑战至关重要。在男性和女性之间检测到一些差异。许多伤害可以通过直接的安全干预和正确实施童工政策来预防。多维干预对于解决难民面临的不断变化的复杂挑战至关重要。在男性和女性之间检测到一些差异。许多伤害可以通过直接的安全干预和正确实施童工政策来预防。多维干预对于解决难民面临的不断变化的复杂挑战至关重要。