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Effects of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise on physical indexes and cardiovascular risk factors in obese and overweight school-age children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PLOS ONE ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-20 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257150
Tianhao Chen 1 , Jingxia Lin 1 , Yuzhe Lin 1 , Lin Xu 1 , Dian Lu 1 , Fangping Li 2 , Lihao Hou 3 , Clare Chung Wah Yu 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Obesity is a serious social and public health problem in the world, especially in children and adolescents. For school-age children with obesity, this stage is in the transition from childhood to adolescence, and both physical, psychological, and external environments will be full of challenges. Studies have showed that school-age children are the largest proportion of people who continue to be obese in adulthood. Physical exercise is considered as an effective way to control weight. Therefore, we focus on this point to study which factors will be improved to reduce childhood obesity. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on physical indexes, such as body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage, and cardiovascular risk factors such as VO2peak, triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), insulin and insulin resistance in school-age children who are overweight or obese. METHOD PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Medline, Cochrane-Library, Scopus, Ovid and Web of Science were searched to locate studies published between 2000 and 2021 in obese and overweight school-age children between 6-12 years old. The articles are all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and in English. Data were synthesized using a random-effect or a fixed-effect model to analyze the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on six elements in in school-age children with overweight or obese. The primary outcome measures were set for BMI. RESULTS A total of 13 RCTs (504 participants) were identified. Analysis of the between-group showed that aerobic and resistance exercise were effective in improving BMI (MD = -0.66; p < 0.00001), body fat percentage (MD = -1.29; p = 0.02), TG (std.MD = -1.14; p = 0.005), LDL (std.MD = -1.38; p = 0.003), TC (std.MD = -0.77; p = 0.002), VO2peak (std.MD = 1.25; p = 0.001). However, aerobic and resistance exercise were not significant in improving HDL (std.MD = 0.13; p = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise are associated with improvement in BMI, body fat percentage, VO2peak, TG, LDL, TC, while not in HDL in school-age children with obesity or overweight. Insulin and insulin resistance were not able to be analyzed in our review. However, there are only two articles related to resistance exercise in children with obesity and overweight at school age, which is far less than the number of 12 articles about aerobic exercise, so we cannot compare the effects of the two types of exercises.

中文翻译:

有氧运动和抗阻运动对肥胖和超重学龄儿童身体指标和心血管危险因素的影响:系统评价和荟萃分析。

背景技术肥胖是世界上严重的社会和公共卫生问题,尤其是在儿童和青少年中。对于肥胖的学龄儿童来说,这个阶段正处于从儿童期到青春期的过渡期,生理、心理和外部环境都将充满挑战。研究表明,学龄儿童是成年后继续肥胖的最大比例。体育锻炼被认为是控制体重的有效方法。因此,我们围绕这一点来研究改善哪些因素可以减少儿童肥胖。目的 评估有氧运动和抗阻运动对身体质量指数 (BMI) 和体脂百分比等身体指标以及 VO2peak、甘油三酯 (TG) 和低密度脂蛋白 (LDL) 等心血管危险因素的影响,超重或肥胖学龄儿童的高密度脂蛋白 (HDL)、总胆固醇 (TC)、胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗。方法 搜索 PubMed、SPORTDiscus、Medline、Cochrane-Library、Scopus、Ovid 和 Web of Science,以查找 2000 年至 2021 年间发表的针对 6 至 12 岁肥胖和超重学龄儿童的研究。这些文章都是随机对照试验 (RCT) 和英文。使用随机效应或固定效应模型合成数据,分析有氧运动和抗阻运动对超重或肥胖学龄儿童六要素的影响。主要结果指标是针对 BMI 设定的。结果 共确定了 13 项 RCT(504 名参与者)。组间分析显示有氧运动和抗阻运动对改善BMI有效(MD=-0.66;p < 0.00001)、体脂百分比 (MD = -1.29; p = 0.02)、TG (std.MD = -1.14; p = 0.005)、LDL (std.MD = -1.38; p = 0.003)、TC (std) .MD = -0.77; p = 0.002), VO2peak (std.MD = 1.25; p = 0.001)。然而,有氧运动和抗阻运动在改善 HDL 方面并不显着(std.MD = 0.13;p = 0.27)。结论 有氧运动和抗阻运动与肥胖或超重学龄儿童的 BMI、体脂百分比、VO2peak、TG、LDL、TC 的改善有关,而与 HDL 无关。在我们的评论中无法分析胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗。但是,关于学龄期肥胖和超重儿童抗阻运动的文章只有2篇,远少于12篇关于有氧运动的文章,因此无法比较两种运动的效果。体脂百分比 (MD = -1.29; p = 0.02), TG (std.MD = -1.14; p = 0.005), LDL (std.MD = -1.38; p = 0.003), TC (std.MD = -0.77) ; p = 0.002), VO2peak (std.MD = 1.25; p = 0.001)。然而,有氧运动和抗阻运动在改善 HDL 方面并不显着(std.MD = 0.13;p = 0.27)。结论 有氧运动和抗阻运动与肥胖或超重学龄儿童的 BMI、体脂百分比、VO2peak、TG、LDL、TC 的改善有关,而与 HDL 无关。在我们的评论中无法分析胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗。但是,关于学龄期肥胖和超重儿童抗阻运动的文章只有2篇,远少于12篇关于有氧运动的文章,因此无法比较两种运动的效果。体脂百分比 (MD = -1.29; p = 0.02), TG (std.MD = -1.14; p = 0.005), LDL (std.MD = -1.38; p = 0.003), TC (std.MD = -0.77) ; p = 0.002), VO2peak (std.MD = 1.25; p = 0.001)。然而,有氧运动和抗阻运动在改善 HDL 方面并不显着(std.MD = 0.13;p = 0.27)。结论 有氧运动和抗阻运动与肥胖或超重学龄儿童的 BMI、体脂百分比、VO2peak、TG、LDL、TC 的改善有关,而与 HDL 无关。在我们的评论中无法分析胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗。但是,关于学龄期肥胖和超重儿童抗阻运动的文章只有2篇,远少于12篇关于有氧运动的文章,因此无法比较两种运动的效果。TG (std.MD = -1.14; p = 0.005), LDL (std.MD = -1.38; p = 0.003), TC (std.MD = -0.77; p = 0.002), VO2peak (std.MD = 1.25; p = 0.001)。然而,有氧运动和抗阻运动在改善 HDL 方面并不显着(std.MD = 0.13;p = 0.27)。结论 有氧运动和抗阻运动与肥胖或超重学龄儿童的 BMI、体脂百分比、VO2peak、TG、LDL、TC 的改善有关,而与 HDL 无关。在我们的评论中无法分析胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗。但是,关于学龄期肥胖和超重儿童抗阻运动的文章只有2篇,远少于12篇关于有氧运动的文章,因此无法比较两种运动的效果。TG (std.MD = -1.14; p = 0.005), LDL (std.MD = -1.38; p = 0.003), TC (std.MD = -0.77; p = 0.002), VO2peak (std.MD = 1.25; p = 0.001)。然而,有氧运动和抗阻运动在改善 HDL 方面并不显着(std.MD = 0.13;p = 0.27)。结论 有氧运动和抗阻运动与肥胖或超重学龄儿童的 BMI、体脂百分比、VO2peak、TG、LDL、TC 的改善有关,而与 HDL 无关。在我们的评论中无法分析胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗。但是,关于学龄期肥胖和超重儿童抗阻运动的文章只有2篇,远少于12篇关于有氧运动的文章,因此无法比较两种运动的效果。MD = -0.77; p = 0.002), VO2peak (std.MD = 1.25; p = 0.001)。然而,有氧运动和抗阻运动在改善 HDL 方面并不显着(std.MD = 0.13;p = 0.27)。结论 有氧运动和抗阻运动与肥胖或超重学龄儿童的 BMI、体脂百分比、VO2peak、TG、LDL、TC 的改善有关,而与 HDL 无关。在我们的评论中无法分析胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗。但是,关于学龄期肥胖和超重儿童抗阻运动的文章只有2篇,远少于12篇关于有氧运动的文章,因此无法比较两种运动的效果。MD = -0.77; p = 0.002), VO2peak (std.MD = 1.25; p = 0.001)。然而,有氧运动和抗阻运动在改善 HDL 方面并不显着(std.MD = 0.13;p = 0.27)。结论 有氧运动和抗阻运动与肥胖或超重学龄儿童的 BMI、体脂百分比、VO2peak、TG、LDL、TC 的改善有关,而与 HDL 无关。在我们的评论中无法分析胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗。但是,关于学龄期肥胖和超重儿童抗阻运动的文章只有2篇,远少于12篇关于有氧运动的文章,因此无法比较两种运动的效果。27)。结论 有氧运动和抗阻运动与肥胖或超重学龄儿童的 BMI、体脂百分比、VO2peak、TG、LDL、TC 的改善有关,而与 HDL 无关。在我们的评论中无法分析胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗。但是,关于学龄期肥胖和超重儿童抗阻运动的文章只有2篇,远少于12篇关于有氧运动的文章,因此无法比较两种运动的效果。27)。结论 有氧运动和抗阻运动与肥胖或超重学龄儿童的 BMI、体脂百分比、VO2peak、TG、LDL、TC 的改善有关,而与 HDL 无关。在我们的评论中无法分析胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗。但是,关于学龄期肥胖和超重儿童抗阻运动的文章只有2篇,远少于12篇关于有氧运动的文章,因此无法比较两种运动的效果。
更新日期:2021-09-20
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