In both natural and built environments, microbes on occasions manifest in spherical aggregates instead of substratum-affixed biofilms. These microbial aggregates are conventionally referred to as granules. Cryoconites are mineral rich granules that appear on glacier surfaces and are linked with expanding surface darkening, thus decreasing albedo, and enhanced melt. The oxygenic photogranules (OPGs) are organic rich granules that grow in wastewater, which enables wastewater treatment with photosynthetically produced oxygen and which presents potential for net autotrophic wastewater treatment in a compact system. Despite obvious differences inherent in the two, cryoconite and OPG pose striking resemblance. In both, the order Oscillatoriales in Cyanobacteria envelope inner materials and develop dense spheroidal aggregates. We explore the mechanism of photogranulation on account of high similarity between cryoconites and OPGs. We contend that there is no universal external cause for photogranulation. However, cryoconites and OPGs, as well as their intravariations, which are all under different stress fields, are the outcome of universal physiological processes of the Oscillatoriales interfacing with goldilocks interactions of stresses. Finding the rules of photogranulation may enhance engineering of glacier and wastewater systems to manipulate their ecosystem impacts.

中文翻译：

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在降低冰川反照率和净自养废水处理中揭示光颗粒化

在自然环境和建筑环境中，微生物有时会以球形聚集体的形式出现，而不是附着在基质上的生物膜。这些微生物聚集体通常被称为颗粒。冰晶石是出现在冰川表面的富含矿物质的颗粒，与扩大的表面变暗有关，从而降低反照率，并增强融化。含氧光颗粒 (OPG) 是在废水中生长的富含有机物的颗粒，它可以用光合作用产生的氧气处理废水，并在紧凑的系统中呈现净自养废水处理的潜力。尽管两者存在明显差异，但冰粒石和 OPG 有着惊人的相似之处。在这两种情况下，蓝藻中的振荡目都包裹着内部材料并形成致密的球形聚集体。由于冷冻颗粒和 OPG 之间的高度相似性，我们探索了光颗粒化的机制。我们认为没有普遍的外部原因导致光颗粒化。然而，处于不同应力场下的冰晶石和OPG，以及它们的内部变异，是振荡目与金发姑娘相互作用的普遍生理过程的结果。找到光颗粒化的规则可能会增强冰川和废水系统的工程设计，以控制其对生态系统的影响。是振荡的普遍生理过程与压力的金发姑娘相互作用的结果。找到光颗粒化的规则可能会增强冰川和废水系统的工程设计，以控制其对生态系统的影响。是振荡的普遍生理过程与压力的金发姑娘相互作用的结果。找到光颗粒化的规则可能会增强冰川和废水系统的工程设计，以控制其对生态系统的影响。