Gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is one of the most complicated microbial ecosystems and is vital in regulating biological processes associated with nutrient absorption and homeostatic maintenance. Although several efforts have been achieved in characterizing bacterial communities across gut regions, the variation of non-bacterial communities across GI tracts is still largely unexplored. To address this, we investigated microbial biogeography throughout the whole GI tracts of Ujimqin sheep (Ovis aries) by amplicon sequencing which targeted bacteria, fungi, and archaea. The results indicated that the community structures of all three domains were significantly distinguished according to GI tracts (stomach, small intestine, and large intestine), and a more strong and efficient species interaction was detected in small intestine based on cross-domain network analysis. Moreover, a between-domain difference in microbial assembly mechanism of among-GI regions was revealed here, wherein bacterial community is dominantly governed by variable selection (explaining ~62% of taxa turnover), while fungal and archaeal communities mainly governed by homogenizing dispersal (explaining ~49% and 60% of the turnover, respectively). Overall, these data highlight the GI section- and domain-dependence of GI microbial structure and assembly mechanism, suggesting that multi-domain should be explicitly considered when evaluating the influences of GI selection on gut microbial communities.

中文翻译：

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肠道区域诱导乌珠穆沁羊（Ovis aries）胃肠道微生物群落变化：从多领域的角度

胃肠道 (GI) 微生物群是最复杂的微生物生态系统之一，对于调节与营养吸收和稳态维持相关的生物过程至关重要。尽管在表征肠道区域的细菌群落方面已经取得了一些努力，但胃肠道中非细菌群落的变异在很大程度上仍未被探索。为了解决这个问题，我们调查了乌珠穆沁羊整个胃肠道的微生物生物地理学。) 通过针对细菌、真菌和古细菌的扩增子测序。结果表明，所有三个域的群落结构都根据胃肠道（胃、小肠和大肠）进行了显着区分，并且基于跨域网络分析在小肠中检测到了更强烈和更有效的物种相互作用。此外，此处揭示了 GI 区域微生物组装机制的域间差异，其中细菌群落主要受变量选择控制（解释了约 62% 的分类群营业额），而真菌和古细菌群落主要受均质分散控制。分别解释了约 49% 和 60% 的营业额）。总体而言，这些数据突出了 GI 微生物结构和组装机制的 GI 部分和域依赖性，