The inadequate consideration of the impact of building morphology on ventilation efficiency in many urban residential areas has resulted in a series of environmental problems that threaten human health. The purpose of this paper is to establish a predictive model between ventilation efficiency and building forms in residential areas. First, the characteristics of the vertical wind profile in residential areas were measured using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Second, the wind speed ratio (WSR) at different height levels under the impact of morphological index (floor area ratio, building density, average building height, enclosure degree, height fall, and maximum building height) in the residential area was simulated by ENVI-met. Two kinds of prediction formulas were finally obtained: (1) the average ventilation efficiency at the pedestrian level and (2) the prediction formula of WSR at different heights. The results show that the wind speed (WS) in residential area below 35 m is about 0.6 m/s lower than that in green park. The numerical simulation shows that the mean WSR at the pedestrian level is negatively correlated with each index, and the height fall morphological index has the largest impact on the WSR at different heights. The research provides a reference for the optimal planning and design of ventilation efficiency of residential buildings, especially those in static wind areas.

许多城市住宅区对建筑形态对通风效率的影响考虑不足，导致了一系列威胁人类健康的环境问题。本文的目的是建立住宅区通风效率与建筑形式之间的预测模型。首先，使用无人机（UAV）测量住宅区垂直风廓线的特征。其次，利用ENVI模拟了居住区在形态指标（容积率、建筑密度、平均建筑高度、围合度、落差、最大建筑高度）影响下不同高度水平的风速比（WSR） -遇见。最终得到两种预测公式：（1）行人层面的平均通风效率；（2）不同高度的WSR预测公式。结果表明，35 m以下住宅区的风速（WS）比绿色公园低约0.6 m/s。数值模拟表明，行人水平的平均WSR与各指标呈负相关，而高度坠落形态指标对不同高度的WSR影响最大。该研究为住宅建筑，尤其是静风区住宅建筑通风效率的优化规划设计提供参考。数值模拟表明，行人水平的平均WSR与各指标呈负相关，而高度坠落形态指标对不同高度的WSR影响最大。该研究为住宅建筑，尤其是静风区住宅建筑通风效率的优化规划设计提供参考。数值模拟表明，行人水平的平均WSR与各指标呈负相关，而高度坠落形态指标对不同高度的WSR影响最大。该研究为住宅建筑，尤其是静风区住宅建筑通风效率的优化规划设计提供参考。