Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (SMB) has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Growing clinical usage has led to a huge demand for artificial planting of SMB. Thus, continuous cropping of SMB is an important challenge that needs to be addressed. Continuous cropping can alter the metabolic profile of plants, resulting in poor growth and low yield. In this study, we tried to image the spatial location and variation of endogenous metabolites in continuously cropped SMB using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Spatially resolved expressions of tanshinones, salvianolic acids, polyamines, phenolic acids, amino acids, and oligosaccharides in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots were compared. The expressions of dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone II A, dehydromiltirone, miltirone, dehydrotanshinone IIA, spermine, salvianolic acid B/E, tetrasaccharide, and pentasaccharide in continuously cropped SMB roots were much lower than those in normal roots. There was little difference in the expressions of caffeic acid and salvianolic acid A in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots. Ferulic acid was more widely distributed in xylem of normal SMB but strongly expressed in xylem, phloem, and cambium of continuously cropped SMB. The spatially resolved metabolite information enhances our understanding of the metabolic signature of continuously cropped SMB and also provides insights into the metabolic effects of continuous cropping in other plants.

丹参Bge (SMB) 长期以来一直用于中药治疗心脑血管疾病。越来越多的临床使用导致对 SMB 人工种植的巨大需求。因此，SMB 的连作是一个需要解决的重要挑战。连作可以改变植物的代谢特征，导致生长不良和产量低。在这项研究中，我们尝试使用基质辅助激光解吸/电离质谱成像 (MALDI-MSI) 对连续种植的 SMB 中内源性代谢物的空间位置和变化进行成像。比较了正常和连作 SMB 根中丹参酮、丹酚酸、多胺、酚酸、氨基酸和寡糖的空间分辨表达。二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮ⅡA、脱氢米替隆、连作SMB根中的米替隆、脱氢丹参酮IIA、精胺、丹酚酸B/E、四糖和五糖远低于正常根。正常和连作SMB根系中咖啡酸和丹酚酸A的表达差异不大。阿魏酸在正常SMB的木质部中分布更广泛，但在连作SMB的木质部、韧皮部和形成层中强烈表达。空间分辨的代谢物信息增强了我们对连作 SMB 代谢特征的理解，并提供了对连作在其他植物中的代谢影响的见解。连作的 SMB 根中的五糖含量远低于正常根中的五糖。正常和连作SMB根系中咖啡酸和丹酚酸A的表达差异不大。阿魏酸在正常SMB的木质部中分布更广泛，但在连作SMB的木质部、韧皮部和形成层中强烈表达。空间分辨的代谢物信息增强了我们对连作 SMB 代谢特征的理解，并提供了对连作在其他植物中的代谢影响的见解。连作的 SMB 根中的五糖含量远低于正常根中的五糖。正常和连作SMB根系中咖啡酸和丹酚酸A的表达差异不大。阿魏酸在正常SMB的木质部中分布更广泛，但在连作SMB的木质部、韧皮部和形成层中强烈表达。空间分辨的代谢物信息增强了我们对连作 SMB 代谢特征的理解，并提供了对连作在其他植物中的代谢影响的见解。和连作 SMB 的形成层。空间分辨的代谢物信息增强了我们对连作 SMB 代谢特征的理解，并提供了对连作在其他植物中的代谢影响的见解。和连作 SMB 的形成层。空间分辨的代谢物信息增强了我们对连作 SMB 代谢特征的理解，并提供了对连作在其他植物中的代谢影响的见解。