Lipophagy is the process of selective degradation of lipid droplets (LDs) by autophagy. Several studies have highlighted the importance of lipophagy in regulating cellular lipid levels in various tissues and disease conditions. In recent years, disruption of autophagy and accumulation of LDs have been reported as pathological hallmarks in several neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, raising the question whether lipophagy is a process that is important in the progression of these disorders. This supports the growing interest in lipid metabolism as a major player in neurodegeneration, and the emerging understanding of several neurological pathologies as not only proteinopathies but also lipidopathies. In this review we discuss the importance of lipophagy in the most common central nervous system diseases. We examine the latest evidence for the reported interplay between abnormalities in lipid accumulation and autophagy, and propose lipophagy as a potentially important mechanism in neurodegeneration.

脂肪吞噬是通过自噬选择性降解脂滴（LDs）的过程。一些研究强调了脂肪吞噬在调节各种组织和疾病状况中的细胞脂质水平中的重要性。近年来，自噬的破坏和 LD 的积累已被报道为几种神经退行性和神经炎性疾病的病理标志，提出了脂肪吞噬是否是这些疾病进展中重要的过程的问题。这支持了人们对脂质代谢作为神经退行性变的主要参与者日益增长的兴趣，以及对几种神经病理学的新认识，不仅是蛋白质病，而且是脂质病。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了脂肪吞噬在最常见的中枢神经系统疾病中的重要性。