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Context is Key: Social Environment Mediates the Impacts of a Psychoactive Pollutant on Shoaling Behavior in Fish
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-20 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04084
Rachel T Mason 1, 2 , Jake M Martin 1 , Hung Tan 1 , Jack A Brand 1 , Michael G Bertram 3 , Reid Tingley 1 , Andrew Todd-Weckmann 1 , Bob B M Wong 1
Affiliation  

Behavior-modifying drugs, such as antidepressants, are increasingly being detected in waterways and aquatic wildlife around the globe. Typically, behavioral effects of these contaminants are assessed using animals tested in social isolation. However, for group-living species, effects seen in isolation may not reflect those occurring in realistic social settings. Furthermore, interactions between chemical pollution and other stressors, such as predation risk, are seldom considered. This is true even though animals in the wild are rarely, if ever, confronted by chemical pollution as a single stressor. Here, in a 2 year multigenerational experiment, we tested for effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine (measured concentrations [±SD]: 42.27 ± 36.14 and 359.06 ± 262.65 ng/L) on shoaling behavior in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) across different social contexts and under varying levels of perceived predation risk. Shoaling propensity and shoal choice (choice of groups with different densities) were assessed in a Y-maze under the presence of a predatory or nonpredatory heterospecific, with guppies tested individually and in male–female pairs. When tested individually, no effect of fluoxetine was seen on shoaling behavior. However, in paired trials, high-fluoxetine-exposed fish exhibited a significantly greater shoaling propensity. Hence, effects of fluoxetine were mediated by social context, highlighting the importance of this fundamental but rarely considered factor when evaluating impacts of environmental pollution.

中文翻译:

背景是关键:社会环境介导精神活性污染物对鱼类的浅滩行为的影响

越来越多地在全球水道和水生野生动物中检测到行为改变药物,例如抗抑郁药。通常,使用在社会隔离中测试的动物评估这些污染物的行为影响。然而,对于群居物种,孤立地看到的影响可能无法反映现实社会环境中发生的影响。此外,很少考虑化学污染与其他压力因素(例如捕食风险)之间的相互作用。即使野生动物很少(如果有的话)面临化学污染作为单一压力源也是如此。在这里,在一项为期 2 年的多代实验中,我们测试了抗抑郁药氟西汀(测量浓度 [±SD]:42.27 ± 36.14 和 359.06 ± 262.65 ng/L)对孔雀鱼(Poecilia reticulata) 跨越不同的社会环境和不同程度的感知捕食风险。在捕食性或非捕食性异种特异性存在的情况下,在 Y 迷宫中评估浅滩倾向和浅滩选择(选择不同密度的群体),对孔雀鱼进行单独测试和雌雄配对。当单独测试时,没有看到氟西汀对浅滩行为的影响。然而,在配对试验中,高氟西汀暴露的鱼表现出明显更大的浅滩倾向。因此,氟西汀的影响是由社会背景介导的,这突出了在评估环境污染影响时这一基本但很少被考虑的因素的重要性。
更新日期:2021-10-06
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