Since its outbreak in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), led to an enormous rise in scientific response with an excess of COVID-19-related studies on the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic approaches. Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are a heterogeneous population with long-lasting immunosuppression as a joining element. Immunocompromised patients are a vulnerable population with a high risk of severe infections and an increased infection-related mortality rate. It was postulated that the hyperinflammatory state due to cytokine release syndrome during severe COVID-19 could be alleviated by immunosuppressive therapy in SOT patients. On the other hand, it was previously established that T cell-mediated immunity, which is significantly weakened in SOT recipients, is the main component of antiviral immune responses. In this paper, we present the current state of science on COVID-19 immunology in relation to solid organ transplantation with prospective therapeutic and vaccination strategies in this population.

中文翻译：

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实体器官移植受者中 SARS-CoV-2 感染和疫苗的免疫学

自 2019 年 12 月爆发以来，由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 引起的 2019 冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行导致科学反应大幅增加，导致 COVID-19 过量发病机制和潜在治疗方法的相关研究。实体器官移植（SOT）受者是一个异质人群，其共同因素是长期的免疫抑制。免疫功能低下的患者是易受感染的人群，发生严重感染的风险较高，感染相关死亡率也较高。据推测，严重 COVID-19 期间因细胞因子释放综合征引起的高炎症状态可以通过 SOT 患者的免疫抑制治疗得到缓解。另一方面，之前已经确定，T 细胞介导的免疫在 SOT 接受者中显着减弱，但它是抗病毒免疫反应的主要组成部分。在本文中，我们介绍了与实体器官移植相关的 COVID-19 免疫学的当前科学状况，以及该人群的前瞻性治疗和疫苗接种策略。