Human Adenoviruses (HAdV) are known to be potentially associated with strong inflammatory responses and morbidity in pediatric patients. Although most of the primary infections are self-limiting, the severity of clinical presentation, the elevation of the white blood cell count and inflammatory markers often mimic a bacterial infection and lead to an inappropriate use of antibiotics. In infections caused by HAdV, rapid antigen detection kits are advisable but not employed routinely; costs and feasibility of rapid syndromic molecular diagnosis may limit its use in the in-hospital setting; lymphocyte cultures and two-sampled serology are time consuming and impractical when considering the use of antibiotics. In this review, we aim to describe the principal diagnostic tools and the immune response in HAdV infections and evaluate whether markers based on the response of the host may help early recognition of HAdV and avoid inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions in acute airway infections.

中文翻译：

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儿童和年轻人腺病毒呼吸道感染的潜在诊断和预后生物标志物


已知人类腺病毒 (HAdV) 可能与儿科患者的强烈炎症反应和发病相关。尽管大多数原发感染是自限性的，但临床表现的严重性、白细胞计数和炎症标志物的升高常常类似于细菌感染，并导致抗生素的不当使用。对于HAdV引起的感染，建议使用快速抗原检测试剂盒，但不常规使用；快速综合征分子诊断的成本和可行性可能会限制其在医院环境中的使用；在考虑使用抗生素时，淋巴细胞培养和两次采样血清学检测既耗时又不切实际。在这篇综述中，我们的目的是描述 HAdV 感染的主要诊断工具和免疫反应，并评估基于宿主反应的标记物是否有助于早期识别 HAdV 并避免在急性气道感染中使用不适当的抗菌药物处方。