Alternative splicing, a driver of posttranscriptional variance, differs from canonical splicing by arranging the introns and exons of an immature pre-mRNA transcript in a multitude of different ways. Although alternative splicing was discovered almost half a century ago, estimates of the proportion of genes that undergo alternative splicing have risen drastically over the last two decades. Deep sequencing methods and novel bioinformatic algorithms have led to new insights into the prevalence of spliced variants, tissue-specific splicing patterns and the significance of alternative splicing in development and disease. Thus far, the role of alternative splicing has been uncovered in areas ranging from heart development, the response to myocardial infarction to cardiac structural disease. Circular RNAs, a product of alternative back-splicing, were initially discovered in 1976, but landmark publications have only recently identified their regulatory role, tissue-specific expression, and transcriptomic abundance, spurring a renewed interest in the topic. The aim of this review is to provide a brief insight into some of the available findings on the role of alternative splicing in cardiovascular disease, with a focus on atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy and circular RNAs in myocardial infarction.

中文翻译：

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心血管疾病中的可变剪接——最近发现的调查

选择性剪接是转录后变异的驱动因素，它与典型剪接不同，它以多种不同方式排列未成熟前 mRNA 转录物的内含子和外显子。尽管选择性剪接在近半个世纪前被发现，但在过去的二十年中，对经历选择性剪接的基因比例的估计急剧上升。深度测序方法和新的生物信息学算法使人们对剪接变异的流行、组织特异性剪接模式以及选择性剪接在发育和疾病中的重要性有了新的认识。迄今为止，选择性剪接的作用已在心脏发育、对心肌梗塞的反应到心脏结构疾病等领域中被发现。环状 RNA，选择性反向剪接的产物，最初发现于 1976 年，但具有里程碑意义的出版物直到最近才确定了它们的调节作用、组织特异性表达和转录组丰度，从而激发了对该主题的新兴趣。本综述的目的是简要介绍一些关于选择性剪接在心血管疾病中的作用的现有发现，重点是动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、扩张型心肌病和心肌梗死中的环状 RNA。