This study was designed to characterize the microbiomes of the lung tissues of lung cancer patients. RNA-sequencing was performed on lung tumor samples from 49 patients with lung cancer. Metatranscriptomics data were analyzed using SAMSA2 and Kraken2 software. 16S rRNA sequencing was also performed. The heterogeneous cellular landscape and immune repertoires of the lung samples were examined using xCell and TRUST4, respectively. We found that nine bacteria were significantly enriched in the lung tissues of cancer patients, and associated with reduced overall survival (OS). We also found that subjects with mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene were less likely to experience the presence of Pseudomonas. aeruginosa. We found that the presence of CD8+ T-cells, CD4+ naive T-cells, dendritic cells, and CD4+ central memory T cells were associated with a good prognosis, while the presence of pro B-cells was associated with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, high clone numbers were associated with a high ImmuneScore for all immune receptor repertoires. Clone numbers and diversity were significantly higher in unpresented subjects compared to presented subjects. Our results provide insight into the microbiota of human lung cancer, and how its composition is linked to the tumor immune microenvironment, immune receptor repertoires, and OS.

中文翻译：

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肺癌患者人肺宏基因组的宏转录组学分析

本研究旨在表征肺癌患者肺组织的微生物组。对来自 49 名肺癌患者的肺肿瘤样本进行 RNA 测序。使用 SAMSA2 和 Kraken2 软件分析元转录组学数据。还进行了 16S rRNA 测序。分别使用 xCell 和 TRUST4 检查了肺样本的异质细胞景观和免疫库。我们发现 9 种细菌在癌症患者的肺组织中显着富集，并与总生存期 (OS) 降低有关。我们还发现，表皮生长因子受体基因突变的受试者不太可能经历假单胞菌的存在。绿脓杆菌. 我们发现 CD8+ T 细胞、CD4+ 初始 T 细胞、树突状细胞和 CD4+ 中央记忆 T 细胞的存在与良好的预后相关，而前 B 细胞的存在与不良预后相关。此外，高克隆数与所有免疫受体库的高 ImmuneScore 相关。与呈现的受试者相比，未呈现的受试者的克隆数和多样性显着更高。我们的研究结果提供了对人类肺癌微生物群的深入了解，以及其组成如何与肿瘤免疫微环境、免疫受体库和 OS 相关联。