The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD3) defines Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks (SUNHA) as attacks of moderate or severe, strictly unilateral head pain lasting from seconds to minutes, occurring at least once a day and usually associated with prominent lacrimation and redness of the ipsilateral eye. Two subtypes of SUNHA are identified: Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing (SUNCT) and Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial Autonomic symptoms (SUNA). These pathologies are infrequent in children and difficult to diagnose. The authors reviewed the existing literature on SUNCT and SUNA, especially in the developmental age, which describes the pathophysiology in detail and focuses on the therapeutic options available to date. SUNHA-type headaches must be considered on the one hand, for the possibility of the onset of forms secondary to underlying pathologies even of a neoplastic nature, and on the other hand, for the negative impact they can have on an individual’s quality of life, particularly in young patients. Until now, published cases suggest that no chronic variants occur in childhood and adolescents. In light of this evidence, the authors offer a review that may serve as a source to be drawn upon in the implementation of suitable treatments in children and adolescents suffering from these headaches, focusing on therapies that are non-invasive and as risk-free as possible for pediatric patients.

中文翻译：

---

儿童期的 SUNCT/SUNA：病理生理学和治疗选择回顾

国际头痛疾病分类第 3 版 (ICHD3) 将短期单侧神经痛样头痛 (SUNHA) 定义为中度或重度、严格的单侧头痛发作，持续数秒至数分钟，每天至少发生一次，通常与同侧眼明显流泪和发红。SUNHA 有两种亚型：结膜充血和撕裂引起的短时单侧神经样头痛发作 (SUNCT) 和伴有颅自主神经症状的短时单侧神经样头痛发作 (SUNA)。这些病变在儿童中并不常见，并且难以诊断。作者回顾了关于 SUNCT 和 SUNA 的现有文献，尤其是在发育期，它详细描述了病理生理学，并重点介绍了迄今为止可用的治疗方案。一方面必须考虑 SUNHA 型头痛，因为有可能继发于潜在病理甚至是肿瘤性质的形式，另一方面，因为它们可能对个人的生活质量产生负面影响，尤其是年轻患者。到目前为止，已发表的病例表明，儿童和青少年中没有发生慢性变异。鉴于这一证据，作者提供了一篇综述，可作为对患有这些头痛的儿童和青少年实施适当治疗的参考资料，重点关注非侵入性和无风险的治疗方法可用于儿科患者。一方面必须考虑 SUNHA 型头痛，因为有可能继发于潜在病理甚至是肿瘤性质的形式，另一方面，因为它们可能对个人的生活质量产生负面影响，尤其是年轻患者。到目前为止，已发表的病例表明，儿童和青少年中没有发生慢性变异。鉴于这一证据，作者提供了一篇综述，可作为对患有这些头痛的儿童和青少年实施适当治疗的参考资料，重点关注非侵入性和无风险的治疗方法可用于儿科患者。一方面必须考虑 SUNHA 型头痛，因为有可能继发于潜在病理甚至是肿瘤性质的形式，另一方面，因为它们可能对个人的生活质量产生负面影响，尤其是年轻患者。到目前为止，已发表的病例表明，儿童和青少年中没有发生慢性变异。鉴于这一证据，作者提供了一篇综述，可作为对患有这些头痛的儿童和青少年实施适当治疗的参考资料，重点关注非侵入性和无风险的治疗方法可用于儿科患者。因为它们可能对个人的生活质量产生负面影响，尤其是对年轻患者。到目前为止，已发表的病例表明，儿童和青少年中没有发生慢性变异。鉴于这一证据，作者提供了一篇综述，可作为对患有这些头痛的儿童和青少年实施适当治疗的参考资料，重点关注非侵入性和无风险的治疗方法可用于儿科患者。因为它们可能对个人的生活质量产生负面影响，尤其是对年轻患者。到目前为止，已发表的病例表明，儿童和青少年中没有发生慢性变异。鉴于这一证据，作者提供了一篇综述，可作为对患有这些头痛的儿童和青少年实施适当治疗的参考资料，重点关注非侵入性和无风险的治疗方法可用于儿科患者。