Through the practice of Mindfulness Meditation (MM), meditators become familiar with the observation of ongoing spontaneous thoughts, while maintaining an attitude of openness and equanimity. The aim of this systematic review is to present a synthesis of available findings of the short and long-term effects of MM on mind wandering (MW). We included studies that considered both first-person and behavioral/physiological measures of MW. The search resulted in 2035 papers, 24 of which were eligible. Reviewed studies revealed a high heterogeneity in designs, outcome measures and interventions. Most of the pre-post intervention studies showed that a protracted practice of MM (at least 2 weeks) reduced MW, limiting its negative effects on different cognitive tasks. Cross-sectional studies highlighted differences between expert meditators and naïve individuals: meditators self-reported less MW and showed decreased Default Mode Network activity, during meditation and resting-state. Further studies are needed to replicate available findings and to more deeply explore how MW is influenced by meditation, also considering its qualitative characteristics that remain largely unexplored.

通过正念冥想（MM）的练习，冥想者熟悉观察持续的自发思想，同时保持开放和平静的态度。本系统评价的目的是综合介绍 MM 对思维游移 (MW) 的短期和长期影响的现有研究结果。我们纳入了考虑 MW 的第一人称和行为/生理测量的研究。搜索结果为 2035 篇论文，其中 24 篇符合条件。回顾性研究显示设计、结果测量和干预措施存在高度异质性。大多数事前干预研究表明，长时间的 MM 练习（至少 2 周）会降低 MW，从而限制其对不同认知任务的负面影响。横断面研究强调了专家冥想者和天真的个体之间的差异：冥想者自我报告的 MW 较少，并且在冥想和休息状态期间显示默认模式网络活动减少。需要进一步的研究来复制现有的研究结果，并更深入地探索 MW 如何受到冥想的影响，同时考虑到其在很大程度上仍未探索的定性特征。