Deformable energy-harvesting devices that are self-repairable and possess broad working temperatures remain a challenge for autonomous flexible electronics. Herein, the self-healable, stretchable, and anti-freezing entirely gel-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with a wide working temperature range from − 40 to 80 °C is reported in this study. Initially, an electrode gel was prepared by mixing poly(lipoic acid) with supramolecular crosslinkers of Fe³⁺ and phytic acid (PA), and the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) was added. Secondly, a triboelectric gel was synthesized using amino- and hydroxy-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) along with isophorone diisocyanate and silicone oil. These gel networks were constructed by supramolecular interactions of reversible physical bonds and able to contribute high stretchability up to 50 times strain with fast self-healability (4 min for electrode gel and 24 h for tribolayer gel). The resulting gel-based TENG maintained excellent performance even after 5000 cyclic operations and showed stable performance after multiple cut/self-healing processes. Its outputs were increased as it was biaxially stretched up to 150% strain to retain its elasticity, ensuring its applicability in flexible uses. Moreover, the energy-harvesting capability was verified to be applicable from − 40 to 80 °C. Last, the gathered energy from the gel-based TENG was demonstrated to power up commercial electronics.

可自我修复且具有广泛工作温度的可变形能量收集设备仍然是自主柔性电子产品的挑战。在此，本研究报道了一种可自修复、可拉伸和抗冻的完全凝胶基摩擦纳米发电机（TENG），其工作温度范围为 - 40 至 80 °C。最初，通过将聚（硫辛酸）与 Fe ^{3+ 的}超分子交联剂混合来制备电极凝胶和植酸（PA），并加入导电聚合物聚（3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩）聚苯乙烯磺酸盐（PEDOT：PSS）。其次，使用氨基和羟基封端的聚（二甲基硅氧烷）（PDMS）以及异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和硅油合成摩擦电凝胶。这些凝胶网络是通过可逆物理键的超分子相互作用构建的，能够提供高达 50 倍应变的高拉伸性和快速自愈性（电极凝胶为 4 分钟，摩擦层凝胶为 24 小时）。所得凝胶基 TENG 即使在 5000 次循环操作后仍保持优异性能，并在多次切割/自修复过程后表现出稳定的性能。它的输出增加了，因为它被双向拉伸至 150% 应变以保持其弹性，确保其适用于灵活用途。而且，能量收集能力经验证适用于 - 40 至 80 °C。最后，从基于凝胶的 TENG 收集的能量被证明可以为商业电子产品供电。