A synthetic phytosiderophore analog, proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid, is efficiently utilized by dicots,Plant and Soil

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A synthetic phytosiderophore analog, proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid, is efficiently utilized by dicots
Plant and Soil ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05152-z
Daisei Ueno ₁ , Yuta Ito ₁ , Miho Ohnishi _{2,

3} , Chikahiro Miyake _{2,

3} , Takayuki Sohtome ₄ , Motofumi Suzuki ₅

Affiliation

Purpose

Phytosiderophores (PS) from grasses solubilize sparingly soluble iron (Fe), and the resultant PS-Fe is an Fe source even for dicots. Recently, the synthetic PS proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid (PDMA) has been developed as a moderately biodegradable Fe fertilizer for grasses. We aimed to investigate whether PDMA-Fe is also a good Fe source for dicots.

Methods

The availability of PDMA-Fe to cucumber was evaluated in a calcareous substrate and hydroponic cultures at pH 7.0–9.0 by determining chlorophyll level, PSII activity, and Fe uptake. EDDHA-Fe, EDTA-Fe, and citrate-Fe were used as controls. The reducibility of Fe chelates by roots was measured to determine the mechanism underlying differences in availability. Expressions of Fe deficiency-inducible genes were analyzed to estimate the Fe status in plants.

Results

The application of PDMA-Fe and EDDHA-Fe to a calcareous substrate reduced Fe-deficient chlorosis to a similar extent; however, the shoot Fe concentration was higher in the PDMA-Fe treatment. In the hydroponic culture, the availability of PDMA-Fe was higher than that of the other chelates at all pH levels, and this was confirmed by higher PSII activity and lower expression of Fe deficiency-inducible genes. The reducibility assay revealed that the reduction level of PDMA-Fe was greater than that of EDTA-Fe and citrate-Fe under alkaline pH.

Conclusions

PDMA-Fe is utilized by cucumber roots more efficiently than traditional synthetic chelates in both calcareous substrate and hydroponic cultures. The higher availability of PDMA-Fe may be attributed to its higher reducibility. Our findings suggest that PDMA-Fe could be a good Fe fertilizer for dicots.

中文翻译：

双子叶植物有效利用合成的植物铁素类似物脯氨酸-2'-脱氧麦根酸

目的

来自禾本科植物的植物铁素 (PS) 可溶解微溶性铁 (Fe)，由此产生的 PS-Fe 甚至是双子叶植物的 Fe 来源。最近，合成的 PS proline-2'-deoxymugineic acid (PDMA) 已被开发为一种中等可生物降解的草类铁肥料。我们旨在调查 PDMA-Fe 是否也是双子叶植物的良好铁源。

方法

通过测定叶绿素水平、PSII 活性和铁吸收，在钙质基质和 pH 7.0-9.0 的水培培养物中评估 PDMA-Fe 对黄瓜的可用性。EDDHA-Fe、EDTA-Fe和柠檬酸盐-Fe用作对照。测量根对铁螯合物的还原性，以确定可用性差异的潜在机制。分析铁缺乏诱导基因的表达以估计植物中的铁状态。

结果

PDMA-Fe 和 EDDHA-Fe 在钙质基质上的应用在类似程度上减少了缺铁的萎黄症；然而，PDMA-Fe 处理中的枝条 Fe 浓度较高。在水培培养中，PDMA-Fe 的可用性在所有 pH 水平下均高于其他螯合物，这通过较高的 PSII 活性和较低的 Fe 缺乏诱导基因表达得到证实。还原性测定表明，在碱性 pH 下，PDMA-Fe 的还原水平大于 EDTA-Fe 和柠檬酸盐-Fe。