Portable or wearable biosensors that can monitor physiological conditions from compounds non-invasively collected from bodily fluids have been actively developed to realize predictive preventive personalized medicine. In particular, sweat is attracting much attention as a potential bodily fluid source because it is easily accessible from the human skin surface and contains certain biomarkers partitioned from the blood. However, the concentration of sweat biomarkers is much lower than that in blood, and a highly sensitive biosensor is required to quantify them. Furthermore, a large amount of sweat should be collected for biosensing at any time to achieve continuous monitoring of human health. In this review, we focused on a transistor-type biosensor, which is a highly sensitive and small integrable device for the detection of low levels of sweat biomarkers. The latest findings regarding the relationship between sweat components and diseases are summarized to discuss the potential of sweat components as biomarkers. Furthermore, an interface design between the device and the skin to effectively collect sweat, even at rest, is discussed to present the latest remarkable progress in research concerning continuous sweat collection mechanisms. Portable or wearable devices integrating these challenging technologies will realize evidence-based personalized daily health management by monitoring changes in sweat composition in the future.

便携式或可穿戴生物传感器可以通过从体液中非侵入性收集的化合物监测生理状况，已被积极开发以实现预测性预防性个性化医疗。特别是，汗液作为一种潜在的体液来源而备受关注，因为它很容易从人体皮肤表面进入，并且含有从血液中分离出来的某些生物标志物。然而，汗液生物标志物的浓度远低于血液中的浓度，需要高度灵敏的生物传感器对其进行量化。此外，应随时收集大量汗液进行生物传感，以实现对人体健康的持续监测。在这篇综述中，我们专注于晶体管型生物传感器，这是一种高度灵敏且小型的可集成设备，用于检测低水平的汗液生物标志物。总结了关于汗液成分与疾病之间关系的最新发现，以讨论汗液成分作为生物标志物的潜力。此外，还讨论了设备和皮肤之间的界面设计，即使在休息时也能有效收集汗水，以展示有关连续汗水收集机制研究的最新显着进展。集成这些具有挑战性的技术的便携式或可穿戴设备将在未来通过监测汗液成分的变化来实现基于证据的个性化日常健康管理。此外，还讨论了设备和皮肤之间的界面设计，即使在休息时也能有效收集汗水，以展示有关连续汗水收集机制研究的最新显着进展。集成这些具有挑战性的技术的便携式或可穿戴设备将在未来通过监测汗液成分的变化来实现基于证据的个性化日常健康管理。此外，还讨论了设备和皮肤之间的界面设计，即使在休息时也能有效收集汗水，以展示有关连续汗水收集机制研究的最新显着进展。集成这些具有挑战性的技术的便携式或可穿戴设备将在未来通过监测汗液成分的变化来实现基于证据的个性化日常健康管理。