Uterine fibroids are the most common cause of solid pelvic tumours, occurring in 20–30% of fertile women and presenting clinical complications that seriously affect women's health. They commonly cause severe symptoms, such as heavy, prolonged menstrual bleeding and anaemia. The study of microscopic and macroscopic vascular aspects of uterine fibroids is important for understanding the clinical manifestations of uterine fibroids, for predicting the effectiveness of alternative treatments to surgery, i.e. uterine artery embolization, for improving surgery outcomes and for carrying out a differential diagnosis with other benign conditions, e.g. adenomyosis, or malignancy, e.g. leiomyosarcoma, and to develop new therapeutic approaches. In this review, current knowledge of how the vascular network and angiogenesis are implied in the formation of uterine fibroids and in the pathogenesis of related symptoms is explored, and evidence on the role of ultrasound in evaluating fibroid vascularization is summarized. This review combines anatomical, morphological and biomolecular information related to angiogenic mechanisms with diagnostic and clinical information, highlighting the various interconnections. Uterine and fibroid vascularization need further investigation to gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenetic elements that lead to the formation of uterine fibroids and their clinical manifestations.

子宫肌瘤是实性盆腔肿瘤的最常见原因，发生在 20-30% 的可生育女性中，并出现严重影响女性健康的临床并发症。它们通常会引起严重的症状，例如大量、长时间的月经出血和贫血。子宫肌瘤的微观和宏观血管方面的研究对于了解子宫肌瘤的临床表现、预测手术替代疗法（即子宫动脉栓塞术）的有效性、改善手术结果以及与其他方法进行鉴别诊断具有重要意义。良性疾病，例如子宫腺肌病，或恶性肿瘤，例如平滑肌肉瘤，并开发新的治疗方法。在本次审查中，探索了目前关于血管网络和血管生成如何在子宫肌瘤的形成和相关症状的发病机制中隐含的知识，并总结了超声在评估肌瘤血管形成中的作用的证据。本综述将与血管生成机制相关的解剖学、形态学和生物分子信息与诊断和临床信息相结合，突出了各种相互联系。子宫和肌瘤血管化需要进一步研究，以更深入地了解导致子宫肌瘤形成的发病因素及其临床表现。与血管生成机制相关的形态学和生物分子信息以及诊断和临床信息，突出了各种相互联系。子宫和肌瘤血管化需要进一步研究，以更深入地了解导致子宫肌瘤形成的发病因素及其临床表现。与血管生成机制相关的形态学和生物分子信息以及诊断和临床信息，突出了各种相互联系。子宫和肌瘤血管化需要进一步研究，以更深入地了解导致子宫肌瘤形成的发病因素及其临床表现。