Given the interplay between race and comorbidities on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, it is vital that testing be performed in areas of greatest need, where more severe cases are expected. The goal of this analysis is to evaluate COVID-19 testing data in NYC relative to risk factors for COVID-19 disease severity and demographic characteristics of NYC neighborhoods. COVID-19 testing and the racial/ethnic composition of NYC Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTA) were obtained from the NYC Coronavirus data repository and the American Community Survey, respectively. The prevalence of neighborhood-level risk factors for COVID-19 severity according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for risk of severe illness and complications from COVID-19 were used to create a ZCTA-level risk index. Poisson regressions were performed to study the ratio of total tests relative to the total ZCTA population and the proportion of positive tests relative to the total tests performed over time. From March 2nd-April 6th, the total tests/population (%) was positively associated with the proportion of white residents (IRRadj: 1.0003, 95% CI: 1.0003–1.0004) and the COVID risk index (IRRadj: 1.038, 95% CI: 1.029–1.046). The risk index (IRRadj: 1.017, 95% CI: 0.939–1.101) was not associated with total tests performed from April 6th-May 12th, and inversely associated from May 12th-July 6th (IRRadj: 0.862, 95% CI: 0.814–0.913). From March 2nd-April 6th the COVID risk index was not statistically associated (IRRadj: 1.010, 95% CI: 0.987–1.034) with positive tests/total tests. From April 6th-May 12th, the COVID risk index was positively associated (IRRadj: 1.031, 95% CI: 1.002–1.060), while from May 12th-July 6th, the risk index was inversely associated (IRRadj: 1.135, 95% CI: 1.042–1.237) with positivity. Testing in NYC has suffered from the lack of availability in high-risk populations, and was initially limited as a diagnostic tool for those with severe symptoms, which were mostly concentrated in areas where vulnerable residents live. Subsequent time periods of testing were not targeted in areas according to COVID-19 disease risk, as these areas still experience more positive tests.

中文翻译：

---

根据整个纽约市 COVID-19 严重程度的风险分析 COVID-19 测试趋势的差异

鉴于种族和合并症之间对 COVID-19 发病率和死亡率的相互作用，在最需要的地区进行检测至关重要，预计会出现更严重的病例。该分析的目的是评估纽约市 COVID-19 检测数据与 COVID-19 疾病严重程度的风险因素和纽约市社区人口特征的相关性。COVID-19 测试和纽约市邮政编码列表区 (ZCTA) 的种族/民族构成分别来自纽约市冠状病毒数据库和美国社区调查。根据疾病控制和预防中心关于 COVID-19 严重疾病和并发症风险的标准，社区级 COVID-19 严重程度风险因素的流行率被用于创建 ZCTA 级风险指数。进行泊松回归以研究总测试相对于 ZCTA 总人口的比率以及阳性测试相对于随时间进行的总测试的比例。从 3 月 2 日至 4 月 6 日，总测试/人口 (%) 与白人居民比例 (IRRadj: 1.0003, 95% CI: 1.0003–1.0004) 和 COVID 风险指数 (IRRadj: 1.038, 95% CI) 呈正相关: 1.029–1.046)。风险指数 (IRRadj: 1.017, 95% CI: 0.939–1.101) 与 4 月 6 日至 5 月 12 日期间执行的总测试无关，与 5 月 12 日至 7 月 6 日之间呈负相关（IRRadj：0.862，95% CI：0.814– 0.913）。从 3 月 2 日至 4 月 6 日，COVID 风险指数与阳性测试/总测试没有统计相关性（IRRadj：1.010，95% CI：0.987–1.034）。从 4 月 6 日到 5 月 12 日，COVID 风险指数呈正相关（IRRadj：1。031，95% CI：1.002–1.060），而从 5 月 12 日至 7 月 6 日，风险指数与阳性呈负相关（IRRadj：1.135，95% CI：1.042–1.237）。纽约市的检测在高危人群中缺乏可用性，最初仅限于作为对症状严重的人的诊断工具，这些人主要集中在弱势居民居住的地区。根据 COVID-19 疾病风险，随后的测试时间段并未针对区域进行，因为这些区域仍进行了更多的阳性测试。主要集中在弱势居民居住的地区。根据 COVID-19 疾病风险，随后的测试时间段并未针对区域进行，因为这些区域仍进行了更多的阳性测试。主要集中在弱势居民居住的地区。根据 COVID-19 疾病风险，随后的测试时间段并未针对区域进行，因为这些区域仍进行了更多的阳性测试。