Reverse innovation refers to learning from or diffusion of innovations developed in low income settings and further translated to industrialized countries. There is lack of consensus regarding terminology, but the idea that innovations in low-income countries are promising for adoption in high-income contexts is not new. However, in healthcare literature globally, the vast majority of publications referring to ‘disruptive innovation’ were published in the last ten years. To assess the potential of innovative developments and technologies for improving animal health, we initiated a literature review in 2020. We used a combined approach, incorporating targeted searching in PubMed using a key word algorithm with a snowball technique, to identify 120 relevant publications and extract data for qualitative coding. Heterogeneity of articles precluded meta-analysis, quality scoring and risk of bias analysis. We can distinguish technical innovations like new digital devices, diagnostic tests and procedures, and social innovations of intersectoral cooperation. We profile two case studies to describe potential global innovations: an integrated surveillance and response system in Somali Regional State, Ethiopia and a blockchain secured One Health intervention to optimally provide post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies exposed people in West Africa. Innovation follows no borders and can also occur in low-income settings, under constraints of cost, lack of services and infrastructure. Lower administrative and legal barriers may contribute to produce innovations that would not be possible under conditions of high density of regulation. We recommend using the term global innovation, which highlights those emanating from international partnership to solve problems of global implications.

中文翻译：

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从逆向创新到动物健康领域的全球创新：回顾


逆向创新是指学习或传播在低收入环境中开发的创新，并进一步转化为工业化国家。关于术语缺乏共识，但低收入国家的创新有望在高收入环境中采用的想法并不新鲜。然而，在全球医疗保健文献中，绝大多数提到“颠覆性创新”的出版物都是在过去十年出版的。为了评估创新发展和技术在改善动物健康方面的潜力，我们于 2020 年启动了一项文献综述。我们采用了一种组合方法，使用关键词算法和滚雪球技术在 PubMed 中进行有针对性的搜索，以识别 120 篇相关出版物并提取用于定性编码的数据。文章的异质性排除了荟萃分析、质量评分和偏倚风险分析。我们可以区分新数字设备、诊断测试和程序等技术创新，以及跨部门合作的社会创新。我们通过两个案例研究来描述潜在的全球创新：埃塞俄比亚索马里地区的综合监测和响应系统以及区块链确保的 One Health 干预措施，以便为西非狂犬病暴露人群提供最佳的暴露后预防。创新没有国界，也可以发生在低收入环境中，受到成本、服务和基础设施缺乏的限制。较低的行政和法律障碍可能有助于产生在高监管密度条件下不可能实现的创新。我们建议使用“全球创新”一词，它强调源自国际伙伴关系以解决具有全球影响的问题的创新。