Inflammation is a protective response of the body to pathogens and injury. Hence, it is particularly important to explore the pathogenesis and key regulatory factors of inflammation. BMP9 is a unique member of the BMP family, which is widely known for its strong osteogenic potential and insensitivity to the inhibition of BMP3. Recently, several studies have reported an underlying pivotal link between BMP9 and inflammation. What is clear, though not well understood, is that BMP9 plays a role in inflammation in a carefully choreographed manner in different contexts. In this review, we have summarized current studies focusing on BMP9 and inflammation in various tissues and the latest advances in BMP9 expression, signal transduction, and crystal structure to better understand the relationship between BMP9 and inflammation. In addition, we also briefly summarized the inflammatory characteristics of some TGF-β superfamily members to provide better insights and ideas for the study of BMP9 and inflammation.

炎症是身体对病原体和损伤的保护性反应。因此，探索炎症的发病机制和关键调控因素尤为重要。BMP9 是 BMP 家族的独特成员，该家族以其强大的成骨潜力和对 BMP3 抑制的不敏感性而广为人知。最近，几项研究报告了 BMP9 与炎症之间潜在的关键联系。清楚的是，虽然不是很清楚，但 BMP9 在不同情况下以精心设计的方式在炎症中发挥作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了当前关于 BMP9 与各种组织炎症的研究以及 BMP9 表达、信号转导和晶体结构的最新进展，以更好地了解 BMP9 与炎症之间的关系。此外，