Biculturals are individuals who have had significant exposure to more than one culture and who possess more than one cultural frame of reference. In the United States, this term has been used to describe both immigrants and members of racial or ethnic minority groups who live within the majority white culture. Biculturals develop a distinct repertoire of social and cognitive skills and have been shown to engage in a process of cultural frame switching in response to salient cultural cues. Through a conceptual lens offered by current research on biculturalism, this article examines transcripts of focus groups we collected for a study on the clinical training experiences of genetic counseling students who identify with a racial or ethnic minority group. We conducted a constructivist grounded theory study, collecting data via 13 videoconference focus groups with 32 recent graduates of genetic counseling training programs who identify with a racial or ethnic minority group. We focus here on two of the thematic categories identified in that study related to participants’ experiences interacting with patients during supervised clinical rotations. We find three ways in which being bicultural influenced these genetic counselors’ patient interactions. First, participants described interactions with both culturally concordant and culturally discordant patients that highlighted the salience of their racial, ethnic, or cultural identity in these encounters. Second, they reported sensitivity to social nuances between and within cultures, reflecting the findings of prior research about heightened cultural awareness in biculturals. Third, they described switching cultural frames in response to their patients’ identities which, at times, created conflict between their professional and culturally concordant frameworks. The results of this study suggest that the influence of a student's racial, ethnic, or cultural identity on interactions with patients should be discussed within the supervisory relationship, and that being bicultural confers advantages in learning to provide culturally responsive care.

中文翻译：

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通过双文化视角检查临床培训：认同种族或少数民族群体的遗传咨询学生的经验

双文化者是指大量接触过一种以上文化并拥有一种以上文化参照系的人。在美国，这个词被用来描述移民和生活在多数白人文化中的种族或少数民族群体的成员。双文化者发展出独特的社交和认知技能，并已被证明会参与文化框架转换的过程，以响应突出的文化线索。通过当前关于双文化主义的研究提供的概念镜头，本文检查了我们收集的焦点小组的成绩单，用于研究认同种族或少数民族群体的遗传咨询学生的临床培训经验。我们进行了建构主义扎根理论研究，通过 13 个视频会议焦点小组收集数据，其中有 32 名遗传咨询培训项目的应届毕业生，他们认同种族或少数族裔群体。我们在此重点关注该研究中确定的两个主题类别，这些类别与参与者在监督临床轮换期间与患者互动的经历有关。我们发现双文化影响这些遗传咨询师与患者互动的三种方式。首先，参与者描述了与文化一致和文化不一致患者的互动，这些互动突出了他们在这些接触中的种族、民族或文化身份的显着性。其次，他们报告了对文化之间和文化内部的社会细微差别的敏感性，这反映了先前关于提高双文化者文化意识的研究结果。第三，他们描述了根据患者的身份转换文化框架，这有时会在他们的专业框架和文化协调框架之间产生冲突。这项研究的结果表明，学生的种族、民族或文化身份对与患者互动的影响应该在监督关系中讨论，并且双文化在学习提供文化响应性护理方面具有优势。