Background

mRNA vaccines hold great potential as therapeutic techniques against viral infections due to their efficacy, safety, and large-scale production. mRNA vaccines offer flexibility in development as any protein can be produced from mRNA without altering the production or application process.

Objective

This review highlights the iterative optimization of mRNA vaccine structural elements that impact the type, specificity, and intensity of immune responses leading to higher translational potency and intracellular stability.

Results

Modifying the mRNA structural elements particularly the 5′ cap, 5′-and 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs), the coding region, and polyadenylation tail help reduce the excessive mRNA immunogenicity and consistently improve its intracellular stability and translational efficiency.

Conclusion

Further studies regarding mRNA-structural elements and their optimization are needed to create new opportunities for engineering mRNA vaccines.

中文翻译：

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修饰 mRNA 疫苗结构元件以提高 mRNA 稳定性和翻译效率

背景

由于其有效性、安全性和大规模生产，mRNA 疫苗具有作为病毒感染治疗技术的巨大潜力。mRNA 疫苗在开发中提供了灵活性，因为任何蛋白质都可以从 mRNA 中产生，而无需改变生产或应用过程。

客观的

这篇综述强调了影响免疫反应类型、特异性和强度的 mRNA 疫苗结构元素的迭代优化，从而导致更高的翻译效力和细胞内稳定性。

结果

修饰 mRNA 结构元件，特别是 5' 帽、5'-和 3'-非翻译区 (UTR)、编码区和多腺苷酸化尾，有助于降低过度的 mRNA 免疫原性并持续提高其细胞内稳定性和翻译效率。

结论

需要进一步研究 mRNA 结构元件及其优化，为工程 mRNA 疫苗创造新的机会。