The rapid integration of variable generation (VG), such as photovoltaics (PV), necessitates an increase in the secondary frequency regulation (SFR) to handle the system intra-dispatch interval imbalance because of VG's variation. Although PV has the control capability to provide SFR, the main challenge is in guaranteeing the delivery of PV's energy and SFRs capacities in the automatic generation control (AGC) within each dispatch interval considering its uncertainty. This paper proposes a deliverable VG SFR provision model with endogenous VG's power uncertainty decomposition. First, the uncertainty of VG is decomposed using distributionally robust chance constraints through which the deliverable SFR provision is guaranteed. Next, the intra-interval frequency response of PV's SFR is validated with a user defined AGC model including the PV power plant. Finally, the economic benefits and the reliability improvements—such as the frequency deviation reduction with PV providing SFR—can be integrated and evaluated. The proposed model is tested in a modified 18-bus system and in the 240-bus simplified Western Electricity Coordinating Council test system. Results demonstrate that with the deliverable SFR from PV, the system cost and the frequency reliability can be improved simultaneously. PV's SFR performance can be guaranteed with the proposed model.

中文翻译：

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通过不确定性分解从可变发电进行二次调频：经济和可靠性角度


光伏发电（PV）等可变发电（VG）的快速整合需要增加二次调频（SFR），以处理由于VG变化而导致的系统内调度间隔不平衡。尽管光伏具有提供SFR的控制能力，但考虑到其不确定性，主要挑战是在自动发电控制（AGC）中保证光伏能量和SFR容量在每个调度间隔内的交付。本文提出了一种可交付的 VG SFR 供给模型，该模型具有内生 VG 功率不确定性分解。首先，使用分布稳健的机会约束来分解 VG 的不确定性，从而保证可交付的 SFR 供应。接下来，使用用户定义的包括光伏电站的 AGC 模型来验证光伏 SFR 的区间内频率响应。最后，可以综合和评估经济效益和可靠性改进（例如通过 PV 提供 SFR 来减少频率偏差）。所提出的模型在改进的 18 总线系统和 240 总线简化的西部电力协调委员会测试系统中进行了测试。结果表明，利用光伏可交付的 SFR，可以同时提高系统成本和频率可靠性。所提出的模型可以保证PV的SFR性能。