Driverless shuttles are a new automated road-based means of transport, small in size and capacity and with a relatively low operational speed. Classified as high-automation vehicles, these shuttles are capable of driverless operations in specific operational design domains. Given their characteristics, driverless shuttles have been studied as a first/last-mile complement to main public transport lines, serving the access and egress parts in multimodal trips. Currently, driverless shuttles are mostly operated as pilots testing their technical capabilities and measuring passengers’ willingness to use them. To reduce the gap between pilots and implementation, this study formulates a set of deployment scenarios for driverless shuttle integration in transit. A four-step approach is followed. First, the scenario field is identified. Second, key factors that support the future integration of driverless shuttles are defined based on a literature study. Third, these key factors are analysed through a stakeholder survey, in which experts in the field of transport define possible development directions. Fourth, survey respondents combine these factors to create plausible future scenarios. Through the formulation of three scenarios, the results of this study show the best combinations of vehicle characteristics, type of supervision, operational characteristics, and type of infrastructure for future integration of driverless shuttles.

中文翻译：

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基于文献回顾和利益相关者调查的无人驾驶班车的第一/最后一英里运营部署方案

无人驾驶班车是一种新型的自动化道路交通方式，体积小、容量小，运行速度相对较低。这些穿梭车被归类为高度自动化的车辆，能够在特定的操作设计领域进行无人驾驶操作。鉴于其特点，无人驾驶班车已被研究作为主要公共交通线路的第一/最后一英里补充，为多式联运中的进出部分提供服务。目前，无人驾驶班车主要作为飞行员运行，测试其技术能力并衡量乘客使用它们的意愿。为了缩小试点和实施之间的差距，本研究制定了一套无人驾驶穿梭车在运输过程中的集成部署方案。遵循四步法。首先，识别场景字段。第二，支持无人驾驶班车未来整合的关键因素是根据文献研究确定的。第三，通过利益相关者调查分析这些关键因素，其中交通领域的专家定义了可能的发展方向。第四，受访者将这些因素结合起来，创造出可能的未来情景。通过三个场景的制定，本研究的结果展示了未来无人驾驶班车整合的车辆特征、监管类型、运营特征和基础设施类型的最佳组合。调查受访者将这些因素结合起来，创造出可能的未来情景。通过三个场景的制定，本研究的结果展示了未来无人驾驶班车整合的车辆特征、监管类型、运营特征和基础设施类型的最佳组合。调查受访者将这些因素结合起来，创造出可能的未来情景。通过三个场景的制定，本研究的结果展示了未来无人驾驶班车整合的车辆特征、监管类型、运营特征和基础设施类型的最佳组合。