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The effect of the metal and selenium precursors on the properties of NbSe2 and Nb2Se9 nanostructures and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells
RSC Advances ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-21 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10894d T Kolokoto 1 , V Mashindi 1 , R Kadzutu-Sithole 1 , Lerato F E Machogo-Phao 1, 2 , Z B Ndala 1 , N P Shumbula 1 , S S Nkabinde 1 , G N Ngubeni 1 , S S Gqoba 1 , K P Mubiayi 1 , N Moloto 1
RSC Advances ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-21 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10894d T Kolokoto 1 , V Mashindi 1 , R Kadzutu-Sithole 1 , Lerato F E Machogo-Phao 1, 2 , Z B Ndala 1 , N P Shumbula 1 , S S Nkabinde 1 , G N Ngubeni 1 , S S Gqoba 1 , K P Mubiayi 1 , N Moloto 1
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Herein, we report on the effect of the precursors on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of niobium selenide using the heat-up colloidal method. The metal precursor was varied from the conventional NbCl5 to NbF5 whilst Se, SeO2, and selenourea were used as the selenium precursors. The NbCl5 and NbF5 resulted in the formation of NbSe2 and Nb2Se9 respectively. While maintaining the two different metal precursors and varying the selenium precursor from Se, SeO2 to selenourea, the properties of NbSe2 and Nb2Se9 changed slightly, however the effect of changing the selenium precursor was less pronounced than changing the metal precursors. From the XRD and XPS, the NbSe2 nanostructures were more susceptible to oxidation than Nb2Se9 as Nb2O5 was observed in the XRD and the percentage of M–O in the XPS was much higher in NbSe2. NbSe2 formed nanoflowers whilst Nb2Se9 formed rods with 3.29 eV and 2.43 eV band-gaps, respectively. Also, the band-gaps were red-shifted as the selenium precursors were varied. The NbSe2 nanoflowers and Nb2Se9 nanorods were used as counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells. Two methods were used to fabricate the counter electrodes i.e. spin coating and drop casting. The electrochemical properties of the spin coated counter electrodes were better than the drop casted ones; hence, they were employed in dye-sensitized solar cells. The spin coated NbSe2 nanoflowers had the highest efficiency of 6.84%, attributed to the nanoflower morphology.
中文翻译：
金属和硒前驱体对NbSe2和Nb2Se9纳米结构性能的影响及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用
在此，我们使用加热胶体法报告了前驱体对硒化铌的结构、形态和光学性质的影响。金属前体从传统的NbCl 5变为NbF 5 ，同时使用Se、SeO 2和硒脲作为硒前体。 NbCl 5和NbF 5分别导致NbSe 2和Nb 2 Se 9的形成。在保持两种不同的金属前体并将硒前体从Se、SeO 2改变为硒脲的同时，NbSe 2和Nb 2 Se 9的性质略有变化，但是改变硒前体的效果不如改变金属前体明显。从 XRD 和 XPS 来看，NbSe 2纳米结构比 Nb 2 Se 9更容易氧化，因为在 XRD 中观察到 Nb 2 O 5并且 XPS 中 M-O 的百分比在 NbSe 2中要高得多。 NbSe 2形成纳米花，而Nb 2 Se 9形成带隙分别为3.29 eV和2.43 eV的棒。 此外，随着硒前体的变化，带隙发生红移。 NbSe 2纳米花和Nb 2 Se 9纳米棒被用作染料敏化太阳能电池中的对电极。使用两种方法来制造对电极，即旋涂和滴铸。旋涂对电极的电化学性能优于滴铸对电极；因此，它们被用于染料敏化太阳能电池。旋涂的NbSe 2纳米花具有6.84%的最高效率，这归因于纳米花的形态。
更新日期：2021-09-21
中文翻译：
金属和硒前驱体对NbSe2和Nb2Se9纳米结构性能的影响及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用
在此，我们使用加热胶体法报告了前驱体对硒化铌的结构、形态和光学性质的影响。金属前体从传统的NbCl 5变为NbF 5 ，同时使用Se、SeO 2和硒脲作为硒前体。 NbCl 5和NbF 5分别导致NbSe 2和Nb 2 Se 9的形成。在保持两种不同的金属前体并将硒前体从Se、SeO 2改变为硒脲的同时，NbSe 2和Nb 2 Se 9的性质略有变化，但是改变硒前体的效果不如改变金属前体明显。从 XRD 和 XPS 来看，NbSe 2纳米结构比 Nb 2 Se 9更容易氧化，因为在 XRD 中观察到 Nb 2 O 5并且 XPS 中 M-O 的百分比在 NbSe 2中要高得多。 NbSe 2形成纳米花，而Nb 2 Se 9形成带隙分别为3.29 eV和2.43 eV的棒。 此外，随着硒前体的变化，带隙发生红移。 NbSe 2纳米花和Nb 2 Se 9纳米棒被用作染料敏化太阳能电池中的对电极。使用两种方法来制造对电极，即旋涂和滴铸。旋涂对电极的电化学性能优于滴铸对电极；因此，它们被用于染料敏化太阳能电池。旋涂的NbSe 2纳米花具有6.84%的最高效率，这归因于纳米花的形态。
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