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Levonorgestrel and dydrogesterone affect sex determination via different pathways in zebrafish
Aquatic Toxicology ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105972
Wen-Jun Shi 1 , Dong-Dong Ma 1 , Gui-Zhen Fang 1 , Jin-Ge Zhang 1 , Guo-Yong Huang 1 , Lingtian Xie 1 , Hong-Xing Chen 1 , Li-Ping Hou 2 , Guang-Guo Ying 1
Affiliation  

Levonorgestrel (LNG) and dydrogesterone (DDG) are two commonly used synthetic progestins that have been detected in aquatic environments. They could affect fish sex differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we investigated the effects of LNG (5 ng L−1 and 50 ng L−1), DDG (100 ng L−1) and their mixtures on gonadal differentiation and sex determination in zebrafish at transcriptomic and histological levels from 2 hours post-fertilization (eleutheroembryos) to 144 days post-fertilization (sexual maturity). Germ cell development and oogenesis pathways were significantly enriched in LNG and the mixture of LNG and DDG treatments, while insulin and apoptosis pathways in the DDG treatment. LNG and the mixture of LNG and DDG strongly decreased transcripts of germ cell development and oogenesis related genes, while DDG increased the transcripts of insulin and apoptosis related genes at 28 days post fertilization (dpf) and 35 dpf. Furthermore, DDG caused ∼ 90% males, and LNG and the mixture of LNG and DDG resulted in 100% males on all sampling dates. Specifically, most males in LNG and the mixture of LNG and DDG treatments were “Type I” males without juvenile oocytes at 28 dpf and 35 dpf, while those in DDG treatment were “Type II” and “Type III” males with a few juvenile oocytes. These results indicated that LNG and DDG promoted testicular differentiation via different pathways to cause male bias. LNG and DDG mixtures have similar effect on testicular differentiation to LNG alone. The findings from this study could have significant ecological implications to fish populations.



中文翻译:

左炔诺孕酮和地屈孕酮通过不同途径影响斑马鱼的性别决定

左炔诺孕酮 (LNG) 和地屈孕酮 (DDG) 是两种常用的合成孕激素,已在水生环境中检测到。它们可能会影响鱼类的性别分化,但潜在的机制仍然未知。在这里,我们研究了 LNG(5 ng L -1和 50 ng L -1)、DDG(100 ng L -1) 及其混合物在受精后 2 小时(刺五加胚胎)至受精后 144 天(性成熟)的转录组和组织学水平上对斑马鱼性腺分化和性别决定的影响。生殖细胞发育和卵子发生途径在 LNG 以及 LNG 和 DDG 处理的混合物中显着富集,而 DDG 处理中的胰岛素和细胞凋亡途径显着富集。LNG 以及 LNG 和 DDG 的混合物强烈降低了生殖细胞发育和卵子发生相关基因的转录,而 DDG 在受精后 28 天 (dpf) 和 35 dpf 增加了胰岛素和凋亡相关基因的转录。此外,DDG 导致约 90% 的男性,而 LNG 以及 LNG 和 DDG 的混合物在所有采样日期导致 100% 的男性。具体来说,在 28 dpf 和 35 dpf 时,LNG 以及 LNG 和 DDG 混合处理的大多数雄性是没有幼年卵母细胞的“I 型”雄性,而 DDG 处理的雄性是“II 型”和“III 型”雄性,有一些幼年卵母细胞。这些结果表明,LNG和DDG通过不同途径促进睾丸分化,导致男性偏倚。LNG 和 DDG 混合物对睾丸分化的影响与单独的 LNG 相似。这项研究的结果可能对鱼类种群产生重大的生态影响。LNG 和 DDG 混合物对睾丸分化的影响与单独的 LNG 相似。这项研究的结果可能对鱼类种群产生重大的生态影响。LNG 和 DDG 混合物对睾丸分化的影响与单独的 LNG 相似。这项研究的结果可能对鱼类种群产生重大的生态影响。

更新日期:2021-09-24
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