Soil metabolites strongly affect microbial community structure and function. Yet the response of soil microbial communities to plant rhizosphere metabolism and their interaction mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the influence of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (P. sylvestris) rhizosphere metabolites on microbial diversity, and clarify the dominant factors driving the variation in the rhizosphere microbial community along chronosequence. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high-throughput sequencing were used to determine the rhizosphere metabolites and microbial community composition, respectively. The results showed that P. sylvestris can release a variety of rhizosphere metabolites (such as fatty acids, monoacylglycerides, and diterpenes) with certain ecological functions, and these metabolites significantly affected the rhizosphere microbial alpha diversity and community composition. Simultaneously, the edaphic factors, such as pH, soil moisture, organic carbon, total phosphorus, NO₃⁻-N, NH₄⁺-N, and available phosphorus concentrations, also significantly affected the rhizosphere microbial community. However, partial Mantel test and variation partitioning analysis confirmed the rhizosphere metabolites had a stronger relationship with the variation of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities than edaphic factors. Overall, our study highlights the regulatory role of the rhizosphere metabolites of P. sylvestris in shaping microbial community, and provides an insight into the rhizosphere microecological during vegetation restoration process in the Mu Us Desert.

土壤代谢物强烈影响微生物群落结构和功能。然而，土壤微生物群落对植物根际代谢及其相互作用机制的反应知之甚少。在本研究中，我们旨在探讨樟子松的影响。mongolica ( P. sylvestris ) 根际代谢物对微生物多样性的影响，并阐明驱动根际微生物群落沿时间序列变化的主导因素。气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）和高通量测序分别用于确定根际代谢物和微生物群落组成。结果表明，P. sylvestris可释放多种具有一定生态功能的根际代谢物（如脂肪酸、甘油单酯和二萜），这些代谢物显着影响根际微生物α多样性和群落组成。同时，土壤pH值、土壤水分、有机碳、总磷、NO ₃ ⁻ -N、NH ₄ ⁺-N 和有效磷浓度也显着影响了根际微生物群落。然而，部分 Mantel 检验和变异分区分析证实，与土壤因子相比，根际代谢物与根际细菌和真菌群落的变化具有更强的相关性。总体而言，我们的研究强调了樟子松根际代谢物在塑造微生物群落中的调节作用，并提供了对毛乌素沙漠植被恢复过程中根际微生态的深入了解。