Powder bed fusion is one of the most common types of additive manufacturing processes using granular materials. In this field, improvements in the processing of materials and process repeatability with desired part quality are needed to allow the implementation of powder bed fusion process at full scale across various industrial sectors. The microstructure and the thermo-mechanical properties of the components vary according to the process parameters adopted in the manufacturing process. Physically accurate modeling of the powder bed fusion process can play a vital role in the qualification of components and materials and also can help in predicting the experimental observations. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review on the state of the art referred to numerical simulation of powder bed fusion, by covering both mesh based approaches such as finite element modeling, finite volume modeling and mesh free methods such as the discrete element modeling, the lattice Boltzmann method, the optimal transportation method and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics approach. Combined approaches of different methods are discussed as well. A case study comparing two different types of models for a similar type of problem has been provided. Moreover, means of experimental techniques used to validate the numerical models are briefly discussed.

粉末床融合是使用颗粒材料的最常见的增材制造工艺类型之一。在该领域，需要改进材料加工和具有所需零件质量的工艺可重复性，以允许在各个工业部门全面实施粉末床融合工艺。部件的微观结构和热机械性能根据制造过程中采用的工艺参数而变化。粉末床熔融过程的物理精确建模可以在组件和材料的鉴定中发挥至关重要的作用，也可以帮助预测实验观察。本文旨在全面回顾粉末床融合数值模拟的最新技术，通过涵盖基于网格的方法（例如有限元建模、有限体积建模）和无网格方法（例如离散元建模、格子 Boltzmann 方法、最优传输方法和平滑粒子流体动力学方法）。还讨论了不同方法的组合方法。提供了一个案例研究，比较了针对类似问题的两种不同类型的模型。此外，还简要讨论了用于验证数值模型的实验技术手段。提供了一个案例研究，比较了针对类似问题的两种不同类型的模型。此外，还简要讨论了用于验证数值模型的实验技术手段。提供了一个案例研究，比较了针对类似问题的两种不同类型的模型。此外，还简要讨论了用于验证数值模型的实验技术手段。