This review outlines the various factors associated with unhealthy aging which includes becoming frail and dependent. With many people not engaging in recommended exercise, facilitators and barriers to engage with exercise must be investigated to promote exercise uptake and adherence over the lifespan for different demographics, including the old, less affluent, women, and those with different cultural-ethnic backgrounds. Governmental and locally funded public health messages and environmental facilitation (gyms, parks etc.) can play an important role. Studies have shown that exercise can act as a conductor to balance oxidative stress, immune and endocrine functions together to promote healthy aging and reduce the risk for age-related morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, and promote cognition and mood over the lifespan. Like a classic symphony orchestra, consisting of four groups of related musical instruments – the woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings – the aging process should also perform in harmony, with compassion, avoiding the aggrandizement of any of its individual parts during the presentation. This review discusses the wide variety of molecular, cellular and endocrine mechanisms (focusing on the steroid balance) underlying this process and their interrelationships.

本综述概述了与不健康衰老相关的各种因素，包括变得虚弱和依赖。由于许多人不参与推荐的运动，因此必须调查参与运动的促进因素和障碍，以促进不同人群（包括老年人、不太富裕的人、女性和具有不同文化-种族背景的人）在整个生命周期内对运动的吸收和坚持。政府和当地资助的公共卫生信息和环境促进（健身房、公园等）可以发挥重要作用。研究表明，运动可以作为导体，共同平衡氧化应激、免疫和内分泌功能，促进健康衰老，降低心血管疾病和动脉粥样硬化等年龄相关疾病的风险，并在整个生命周期中促进认知和情绪。就像一个经典的交响乐团，由四组相关乐器——木管乐器、铜管乐器、打击乐器和弦乐器组成——老化过程也应该和谐地进行，富有同情心，避免在演示过程中对任何单独的部分进行强化。这篇综述讨论了这一过程背后的各种分子、细胞和内分泌机制（侧重于类固醇平衡）及其相互关系。